历史(下)7(国外英语资料).doc

历史(下)7 The seventh lesson is the first industrial revolution I. Industrial Revolution -- steam age 1, premise and condition The premise: in eighteenth Century, with the further development of the capitalist system, the social stability, the rapid economic development. The conditions: Markets: the colonies provide vast overseas markets, the development of capitalism, the urgent need for technological innovation (fundamental) Labor force: enclosure movement forced many peasants to leave the land and go to work in the factory. Technology: handicraft workshop is thriving and production technology develops further. Capital: colonial trade and plunder. 2, process: The start time: 1760s Location: UK Department: cotton textile industry - metallurgy - coal mining Production: in 1760s, Hargreaves invented Jeanne spinning machine Power: in 1785, Watt improved the steam engine, and the industrial revolution entered a new stage The transport: 1807 American invention Fulton steamboat, Stephen sun in 1814 the British invention of the train locomotive Expand: Continental Europe and the United States The complete: before and after 1840, Britain and France and the United States have been completed. Sign: machine production replaces manual labor (machine building machines) Two, influence A and its influence on capitalist countries The economy: Productivity: greatly enhance the social productivity, Britain as the factory of the world. Organization form of production: the traditional handicraft workshops have been replaced by factories, and become the main form of industrial production. Economic structure: industrial civilization takes the place of agricultural civilization. Lifestyle: the urbanization process has been noticeably accelerated Class relations: the industrial bourgeoisie and the industrial proletariat become the two major classes of society. The Politics: the industrial bourgeoisie get more political rights, countries through reform, consolidate the rule of the bourgeoisi