高中英语基础课件---构词法.ppt

* 英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。 从近几年的广东高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。 语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条： 1. 在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语, 用副词； 2. 在句中作定语、表语或补语, 一般用形容词； 3. 作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语, 用名词。 1. He must be 20 (mental) disabled. 解析：修饰分词形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。 2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。 近年广东高考真题： 3. But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 ____ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析: 在that引导的宾语从句中作主语应当用名词, 或者说, 在形容词性物主代词后, 一定是用名词形式, 故填choice。 4. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 _____(nature) course. 解析：在名词course前作定语, 要用形容词, 故填natural。 5. We drank together and talked 38 ____ (merry) till far into the night. 解析：修饰谓语动词talked, 作状语, 应用副词, 故填merrily。 在五年高考中，由形容词变副词考了3年，由名词变形容词考了1年，由动词变名词考了1年。 下面我们对常见的构词法进行扼要的归纳： 一、形容词加-ly变为副词的规律 1. 一般情况加-ly。如：real → really/ careful → carefully/ polite → politely /quick → quickly 2. “辅音字母+y”结尾的，将y改为-ily。如：angry → angrily/ busy → busily/ heavy → heavily 3. 以-ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable → probably/ possible → possibly 4. 个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：gentle → gently/ true → truly 5. 以-ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic → basically/ energetic → energetically 注意：有的名词+ly → 形容词 如： friend → friendly/day → daily 1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. _____________ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2. Therefore, when they become older they are ________ (able) to do any other kind of work. 一、单句填空 unable unfortunately 3. Very early the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally ___________(expect) way. 4. I won’t do the purchase because the price of this dress is ____________(reason). unreasonable unexpected 5. Job _________ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexible in taking on many tasks at the same time. 6. All facts are the sou