语言学讲义 考研 5 Semantics课件.ppt

考研语言学 谭宗燕 讲义五 Semantics Grace Tan 考点 语义学定义 语义三角说 LEECH的七种意义类型 词汇意义关系(同义,反义,下义) 识别各实例中词与词的意义关系，句与句间的蕴涵、前提、回话含义、同义、不相容、语义矛盾、语义反常等 用成分分析同下义词、反义词、句子意义的区别 反义词的种类及例子 T/F The meaning relationship between MAN and Grown-up is hyponymous because the semantic features of man are included in those of grown-up. Semantically, beef is excluded in meat. Kids and children are synonyms despite their stylistic differences. In the following pairs of sentences , b presupposes a. A.John managed to finish in time. B.John tried to finish in time. In the semiotic triangle, there is no direct relationship between symbol and referent. If a word has sense, it must have reference. Predication of a S is identical to the proposition of the S. definition Semantics can be simply defined as the study of meaning. More specifically, semantics is the study of the meaning of linguistic units, words and sentences in particular. 24. _____ is the major concern of semantics. A. meaning B. words C. sentence structure D. phrase structure rules Answer: A some views concerning the study of meaning G. Leech and his 7 types of meaning Naming theory The Conceptualist View Contextualism Behaviorism Truth conditions 1. Leech divided meaning into ____ types. 2.《说文》：“要，身中也。”&《墨子·经说》：昔楚灵王好细要。”“要”属于——意义。 Grammatical Meaning & Lexical Meaning Grammatical meaning indicates grammatical concept or relationships such as part of speech of words, singular and plural meaning of nouns, tense meaning of verbs and their inflectional paradigm. (语法意义指词义中表示语法概念或关系的那部分意义。例如词类、名词的单复数、动词的时态意义及它们的屈折形式。) inflectional paradigms of verb: forget, forgets, forgot, forgotten, forgetting For example : girls, winters, tables, joys We notice that word-forms, though denoting different objects of reality, have something in common. This common element is the grammatical meaning of plurality. (They have the same grammatical meaning) Lexical meaning is the meaning of an isolated word in a dictionary. This