初一英语词汇语法.docVIP

初一英语语法总结--时态1、一般现在时 表示普遍、经常性的或长期性的动作时使用一般现在时，它有： Be 动词： She’s a worker. Is she a worker? She isn’t a worker. 情态动词： I can play the piano. Can you play the piano? I can’t play the piano. 行为动词： They want to eat some tomatoes. Do they want to eat any tomatoes? They don’t want to eat any tomatoes. Gina has a nice watch. Does Gina have a nice watch? Gina doesn’t have a watch. 2、现在进行时 表示动词在此时正在发生或进行就使用进行时态，结构为sb be v-ing sth + 其它. I’m playing baseball. Are you playing baseball? I’m not playing baseball. Nancy is writing a letter. Is Nancy writing a letter? Nancy isn’t writing a letter. They’re listening to the pop music. Are they listening the pop music? They aren’t listening to the pop music. 过去进行时 　　用法索引 　　1.表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作。构成： be（was，were）+现在分词，常用的时间状语：at 10：30 last night ，this time yesterday evening 　　Eg1.What were you doing at three o’clock yesterday afternoon？ 　　2.用于when，while 引导的时间状语从句中。用过去进行时表示较长的动作。过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。 　　Eg1.I was doing my homework when someone knocked at the door. 　　Eg2.We were walking along the river when suddenly it rained. 　　Eg3.While he was waiting at the bus stop，the traffic accident happened.（ While 后的分句必须用进行时） 　　Eg4.While I was reading ，my sister was sleeping.（表示对比，都用进行时） 　　3.用于表示过去将来的动作。常用在间接引语中。 　　Eg1.She was leaving early the next morning. 　　Eg2.I asked him whether he was coming back for dinner. 3、现在完成时 　　用法索引 　　1.表示过去发生或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。常用的时间状语：already，get，never，just，before，recently，for+一段时间，since+一段时间 　　I have lost my key.（说明过去某时丢的，现在还未找到。） 　　2.表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。 　　I have known him for ten years. 　　The dog has been dead for three days. 　　3.表示从过去到现在之间曾经经历过的事。 　　We have been to the Summer Palace twice. 　　请你注意： 　　因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时，有动态和延续性的特点，所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词。 　　例：My sister has been here for 5 days.（过去分词做表语表示状态，可以延续） 　　My sister came here 5 days ago.（终端动词） 过去完成时 　　用法索引 　　1表示过去某时开始，一直持续到另一时间和状态。即动作完成于某个过去时间之前。常用的时间状语：由by，before等词构成的表示时间的介词短语。“过去的过去”这种逻辑关系常通过上下文体现出来，而不一定受某个时间状语的限制。 　　We had not heard from him by t