电工知识学习(国外英文资料).docVIP

电工知识学习(国外英文资料) Electrical knowledge learning Conductors, insulators, and semiconductors: It is well known that metals, graphite and electrolytes have good electrical conductivity, and these materials have good electrical conductivity Conductor. Such as wires are made of copper or aluminum because of their strong electrical conductivity and good ductility. Conduction of metals The order of performance from strong to weak is silver, copper, gold, aluminium, zinc, platinum, tin, iron, lead and mercury. The first silver, but because of its low yield and expensive price, is only used in a small number of electrical components. Graphite has good electrical conductivity, low hardness, and does not burn in the air. It is a good material for making electrodes and carbon brushes. Metals and graphite have good electrical conductivity because they contain large amounts of free electrons,. Acids, bases, and A molten salt also conducts electricity. These substances that dissolve in water or are conductive in a molten state are called electrolytes. The interaction between electrolyte and water molecules can be separated into positive and negative ions in the solution. These positive and negative ions can move freely and form conductive solutions. If the rubber and plastic are wrapped outside the wire, they are non-conductive material and become insulators. The commonly used insulating material and ceramics, mica, bakelite, silicone, insulation paper and insulation oil, insulating material, air is also good. The atomic structure of an insulating substance is different from that of metal, and the outermost electrons in its atom are strongly bound by the nucleus It is not easy to move away from the atom, so the conductivity of the insulator is very poor. The difference between a conductor and an insulator depends on the presence of a large number of free electrons in the object, the boundary between the conductor and the insulator Nor is it absolute, under certain conditions, they ca