第二语言习得名词解释.docVIP

1.Instrumental motivation,which occurs when the learners goal is functional;and integrative motivation,which occurs when the learner wishes to identify the culture of the L2 group. 2.Cognitive strategies encompass the language learning strategeies of identification, grouping, retention, and storage of language material, as wen as the language use strategies of tetrieval, rehearsal and somprehension or production of words,phrases and other elements of the second langugue. 3.The critical period Hypothesis：says that there is a period when language acquisition can take place naturally and effortlessly, but that after a certian age the brain is no longer able to process language input in this way. 4.Positive Transfer refers to the transfer that occur when both the native language and the target language have the same form,thus making learning easier. 5.comprehensible input means that all of the target language exposed to language learners is understandable. 6.Communicative competence: the ability to use the language correctly and appropriately ti accomplish communication goals. The desired outcome of the language learning process is the ability to communicate competenly, not the ability to use the language exactly as a native speaker does.Communicative competence is made up of four competence areas: linguistic, sociolinguistic, discoure, and strategic. 7.Cooperative learning：is a successful taeching strategy in which small teams.each with students of different levels of ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each member of a team is responsible not only for learning, an atmosphere of achievement. 8.Language aptitude refers to the specific ability a learner has for learning a second language and also a social product and used in interaction between people. 9.Acquisition:is the product of a subconscious process very similar to the process children undergo when they acquire their first language. Learning:is the product of