Rowland - 饲料霉菌毒素的生成,免疫抑制和繁殖问题.pdfVIP

Incidence of Feed Mycotoxins 饲料霉菌毒素的生成 Immunity and Reproduction Damage 免疫抑制和繁殖问题 Robert D. Rowland, Ph.D. 罗伯特 · 罗兰 博士 Nutrition Feed Technology Consultant 营养和饲料技术顾问 Common Mycotoxins In Feed 饲料中常见的霉菌毒素 Background: Mycotoxins In Feed 背景：饲料中的霉菌毒素 1. Scientists have identified more than 300 individual different mycotoxins found in feed INGREDIENTS. 科学家们已经从饲料原料中发现300多种不同的 霉菌毒素。 2. The clinical symptoms of mycotoxin toxicity in swine are published in the scientific literature. 科学文献中记载了猪霉菌毒素中毒的临床症状。 3. Mycotoxins cause sub-clinical (invisible) effects on immunity and reproduction and economic losses. 霉菌毒素引起免疫系统、繁殖性能和经济效益 方面亚临床（无形的）的影响。 Mycotoxins in Feed (Continued) 饲料中的霉菌毒素（续） 4. Mycotoxins are found in grains, peanut meal, cottonseed meal and also soybean meal if moldy or damaged soybeans have been processed. 在谷物、花生粕、棉籽粕和由霉变大豆加工出来 的豆粕中发现霉菌毒素。 5. Ruminants can detoxify some mycotoxins due to protozoa in the rumen. Pigs and poultry are not effective to detoxify mycotoxins. 反刍动物可以解除霉菌毒素的部分毒性。猪和禽 不具备解毒能力。 6. Immune suppression and reproductive problems caused by feeding mycotoxins are similar for all species of livestock and poultry. 霉菌毒素引起的免疫抑制和繁殖问题在物种间相 似。 Most Common Feed Mycotoxins 大部分常见的饲料霉菌毒素 Aflatoxin B1, B2 黄曲霉毒素B1 ，B2 Aflatoxin G1, G2 黄曲霉毒素G1 ，G2 Aflatoxicol 黄曲霉毒醇 Zearalenone a, b 玉米赤霉烯酮a, b Fusaric Acid 萎蔫酸 Fumonisins B1, B2, B3, B4 伏马菌毒素B1 ，B2 ，B3 ，B4 Fumonisins A1, A2 伏马菌毒素A1 ，A2 Moniliformin 念珠菌素 Ochratoxin A 赭曲霉毒素A Tricothecenes (200) 单端孢霉烯族毒素（200 ） Deoxynivalenol (DON) (Vomitoxin) 脱氧瓜萎镰菌醇（呕吐毒素） T-2 Toxin T-2 毒素 Diacetoxyscirpenol (DAS) 蛇形菌素 Monoacetoxyscirpenol (MAS) Nivalenol 瓜萎镰菌醇 HT-2 Toxin HT-2毒素 T-2 Tetraol T-2四醇 Top 6 My