生物化学概论.ppt

生物化学 ;;What are you going to learn?;What are you going to learn?;What are you going to learn?;Chapter One Introduction（导论） Molecular components and cells;生命现象的本质是化学作用Chemistry is the logic of biological phenomena;A hierarchy of living organisms （生命体的结构层次） A living body organs（器官） cells（细胞） organelles（细胞器） macromolecular complexes（大分子复合物） macromolecules（大分子） domains（大分子中的局域结构） small units（小的化学结构单元） chemical bonds/atoms（化学键/原子） All of them have their own structures for serving specific functional purposes. ;生命活动的动力来源：能量转换;生命活动的动力由能量分子介导 The following two structures are the most prominent molecules. ;生命体是一个动态平衡体系 “Steady-state”;生命体具有自身复制的能力 Living systems have a remarkable capacity for self-replication;生命体的自我复制来源于遗传物质，DNA分子 The self-replication of an organism is originated from polymeric chains of deoxyribonucleic acid （脱氧核糖核酸；DNA ）, a macromolecule can be served as a template （模版）for replication. ;生物分子Biomolecules: the molecules of life;生物分子的元素构成 The lightest elements of the periodic Table（周期表）, H, C, N and O are Predominant due to their abilities to form strong covalent bonds. ;;生物分子的层次性 A biomolecular hierarchy;生物分子的层次性 from the inorganic precursors to living cells;;The unit of life is the cell（生命的基本单元：细胞）;生命体中的信息传递;The ‘sense’（信息内容） of biological molecules;The informative bio-polymers （信息分子） Polypeptide (蛋白质) segments and DNA strands contain their own “sense” which determine their biological functions. ;The antigen-binding domain of immunoglobulin G (IgG) 免疫球蛋白分子抗原结合部位的三维结构;Van de Waals forces （范氏引力） Dispersion forces（色散力）: for precise fitness;Hydrogen bonds（氢键）: highly directional; Ionic interactions（离子键）: radially distributed;;Hydrophobic interactions （疏水相互作用） exemplified by membrane proteins;Biomolecular recognition （分子识别） Antigen-antibody （抗原-抗体） Receptor-ligand（受体-配体） Enzyme-substrate（酶-底物）;Biological molecules choose weak forces for their functions Weak forces restrict