光电子器件基础与技术_lecture6_2.pdf

Active Devices  Optical amplifiers  Optical modulator  Photon diodes 1 Optical Amplifiers  In long distance communications, whether going through wire, fibre or wave, the signal carrying the information experience power loss, which requires amplification.  These can be done in two ways: - Opto-electronic conversion - All optical  Semiconductor devices can convert an optical signal into an electrical signal, amplify it and reconvert the signal back to an optical signal. However, this procedure has several disadvantages: - Costly - Require a large number over long distances - Noise is introduced after each conversion in analog signals - Restriction on bandwidth, wavelengths and type of optical signals being used, due to the electronics  By amplifying signal in the optical domain many of these 2 disadvantages would disappear! Optical Amplifier Main Parameters  Gain (Pout/Pin)  Bandwidth  Gain Saturation  Polarization Sensibility  Noise figure (SNRi/SNRo)  Gain Flatness  Types - Based on stimulated emission (EDFA, SOA) - Based on non-linearities (Raman, Brillouin) 3 Optical Amplifiers Four types of optical amplification • In line amplifier -30-70 km -To increase transmission link • Pre-amplifier - Low noise -To improve receiver sensitivity • Booster amplifier - 17 dBm - TV • LAN booster amplifier 4 Optical Amplifiers Erbium Doped Fiber Amplifier (EDFA)  EDFA is an optical fiber doped with erbium  Erbium is a rare-earth element which has some interesting properties for fiber optics communications.  Photons at 1480 or 980 nm activate electrons into a metastable state  Electro