初中定语从句专题概要1.ppt

定语从句 （ The Attributive Clause） 在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如： The story that you read is The Little Prince. She looked at Jeff, who was waving his arms. 上面两句中的Jeff和story是定语从句所修饰的词，叫“先行词”。定语从句放在先行词的后面。引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who （宾格 whom, 所有格 whose）和关系副词where, when, why。关系代词或关系副词在定语从句中充当一个成分。 1. 由关系代词引导的定语从句 2. 由关系副词引导的定语从句 注： 1) that和which在从句作主语时，不能省略；作宾语时，在口语和非正式文体中经常省略。whom也常可省略。 2) 关系代词whom, which在从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放在先行词和从句之间。为了使关系代词紧跟它所修饰的词，也可以把介词放在从句中有关动词的后面。如： The athlete to whom you talked is a famous runner. The athlete whom you talked to is a famous runner. 但含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在动词的后面。如： Is this the watch which he is looking for? The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now. 3) 关系代词that在从句中作介词宾语时，介词不能放在它的前面，只能放在从句中有关动词的后面。如： The city that she lives in is very far away. 4) 关系代词whose还可以在从句中与它所修饰的词一起作介词宾语。如： The boss in whose company my father worked is a very kind person. 3. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。 1） 限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。这种从句和主句的关系十分密切，写时不可用逗号隔开。 She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago. How do you apologise to your friend whose bike you lost? The accident happened on the day when I lost my job. 2） 非限制性定语从句和主句的关系不十分密切，只是对先行词做些附加的说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然很清楚。这种从句和主句之间往往用逗号分开，一般不用that引导。 Helen, who was sitting on my left, said that this meal was the best she had ever had. Lijiang, where I was born, is very beautiful. John, who speaks Spanish, works there. Dinner starts with a small dish, which is called a starter. Yesterday I met Li Ping, who looked very tired. I spent a whole afternoon with John, who was very friendly and helpful. 【要点难点】 1.that和which的用法区别 只用that的情况： 先行词由最高级修饰时，如the best work that I can do. 先行词由序数词修饰时，如the second book that I bought. 先行词由the last, the only, the same, the very等修饰时 先行词是不定代词all, anything, everything, little, much, nobody, nothing等时，如anything that he does; all that I can do now等。 先行词有any, no, all等限定词时， 如all the words that I’ve le