关于问题的问题剖析.ppt

* A The 8 Step Problem Solving Process 8步解决问题流程 4M Analysis 4M分析： Machine – equipment condition, settings, start/stop 机器—— 设备条件，安装，启动/停止 Material – dimensions, quality 材料—— 尺寸/容积，质量 Method – work instructions, method design 方法——作业指示，方法设计 Man – shift to shift variation, physical differences 人—— 轮班变化， 身体区别 4M + 2 Mother nature – environmental factors such as temperature and humidity 自然条件——环境因素，如温度和适度 Measurement system – capability, correct use 测量系统——能量，正确操作 * A The 8 Step Problem Solving Process 8步解决问题流程 Step 5: Develop Countermeasures 第5步： 制定对策 A proper root cause analysis will point to the action needed – remove the root cause 恰当的根源分析能指向所需的行动——消除根本原因 Make a plan that includes who, what, when 制定一个计划，包含：谁，什么，什么时候 Pursue multiple countermeasures – not just one 寻找多种对策——而不是一种策略 * A The 8 Step Problem Solving Process 8步解决问题流程 Step 5: Develop Countermeasures 第5步： 制定对策 Narrow Down Countermeasures 缩小对策选择范围： 1. Which factors have the greatest impact (Pareto analysis)? 哪些因素影响最大 （柏拉图分析） 2. Which items should be addressed first (Prioritization matrix)? 哪些问题需要先处理（优化矩阵） 3. Who will do what by when (Gantt chart)? 谁将会在何时干什么（甘特图） LOW impact 影响小 LOW cost 花费低 HIGH impact 影响大 LOW cost 低 LOW impact HIGH cost 影响小 花费大 HIGH impact HIGH cost 影响大 花费大 1 2 3 * A The 8 Step Problem Solving Process 8步解决问题流程 Large, vague problems大而模糊的问题 Clarify the problem 明确问题 Break down the problem 透视问题 Set a target设定目标 Analyze root causes分析根源 Develop countermeasures 寻找对策 Perceived problem The “real” problem Why Why Why Why Why POC POC POC ? ? ? * A The 8 Step Problem Solving Process 8步解决问题流程 Step 6: See Countermeasures Through第6步：实施对策 Implement our plans (countermeasures) quickly as a team Seek help and ideas from many people 小组迅速实施计划（对策） ——从众人中寻找帮助及意见 Communicate status regularly 常规交流 Turn the PDCA cycle again and again Never give up 策划-实施-检查-改进 反复循环 ——决不放弃 * A The 8 Step Problem Solving Process 8步解决问题流程 Step 6: See Countermeasures Through第6步：实施对策 “Never, never, never give up.” 绝不，绝不，绝不放