执行命令行为研究.pdfVIP

摘要 摘要 执行命令行为是指下级国家机关工作人员执行上级国家机关及其工作人员 的有效命令、决定的行为。执行命令行为是一种正当化事由：执行合法命令的 行为属于违法性阻却事由；一定条件下，执行明显违法命令的行为属于责任阻 却事由。执行命令行为作为一种正当化事由，其理论根据存在一元论与多元论 的观点。对于执行命令行为的正当化条件，刑法学界存在四要件、五要件说和 六要件说的分歧。一般来讲，执行命令行为的正当化应当具备命令的有效性、 行为的合法性和目的的正当性这三个方面的条件。当行为人执行明显违法命令 的行为构成犯罪时：命令“明显违法”是指可能造成严重后果甚至构成犯罪， 属于错误命令中情形较严重的一种；执行明显违法的命令且命令内容涉及犯罪 时上下级之间构成共同犯罪；“执行命令”可以作为法定从宽处罚情节但是不得 免除处罚。 关键词：执行命令行为；正当化条件；命令明显违法；制度建构；立法完善 II 万方数据 Abstract ABSTRACT Execute the command behavior refers to the staff members of state organs at a lower level of effective command to perform any state organ or any of its functionaries, decision behavior. Execute the command behavior is a kind of legitimation reason: lawful order execution behavior belongs to its deterrent purposes; Certain conditions, the implementation of illegal command behavior belongs to the liability to stop. Execute the command behavior as a justification for the basis of that exist between monism and pluralism. To execute the command behavior of legitimation conditions, there are four elements in criminal law field, the five elements and six essential differences. In general, execute the command behavior justification must possess the effectiveness of command, the legitimacy of the legitimacy of the behavior and purpose that the conditions of the three aspects. When the actor performs the act constitutes a crime illegal command,