动词分类用法.doc

动词的分类用法 动词的种类 实义动词 系动词 助动词 情态动词 see, go, hit, jump, fly, run, live, keep, buy, lend等 be, become, get, look, seem等 be, have, do, will, shall can, may, should等 实义动词 定义 实义动词是有实在意义并能独立作谓语的动词。 分类 按句法作用可分为及物动词和不及物动词；按动作状态可分为延续性动词和非延续性动词。 用法 及物动词 及物动词本身意义不完整，需要接宾语才能使其意思完整。如： I like this book very much. （接宾语） We call the bird Polly.（接宾语+宾补） Please pass me the salt.（接间接宾语+直接宾语） 不及物动词 不及物动词自身意思完整，不需要接宾语。如： Horses run fast. They work in a factory. 注 有些不及物动词和其他词搭配构成动词词组可以相当于及物动词使用。 动词+介词+宾语（名词代词） Look at the blackboard. Listen to me carefully. 动词+副词+宾语（名词）动词+宾语（代词）+副词 Please turn off the light. He picked it up and gave it to me. 动词+副词+介词+宾语（名词代词） Alice gets along well with her classmates. 动词+名词+介词+宾语（名词代词） Please pay attention to my reading. 延续性动词 延续性动词表示动作是可持续的，可以喝表示一段时间的时间状语连用。如： We have lived in China for many years. 注常用的延续性动词有live, stay, study, work, keep, teach等。 非延续性动词 非延续性动词表示瞬间动作，动作已经发生便立即结束。如： I have finished my homework. 注常用的非延续性动词有buy, lend, borrow, die, begin, stop, finish, arrive, join, go, come, catch等。它们不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。 He has arrived here.——He has been here for five days. The film has begun.—— The film has been on for ten minutes. 【习题讲解】 1、He told them on with the work. A．to go B．going C．go D．went 2、The plane will from Beijing Capital Airport and land in London. A. take up B. take out C. take away D. take off 3、The bus is coming. Be careful when you the bus. A. get on B. get off C. get up D. get to 4、The classroom was so dirty. I decided . A. clean it up B. to clean it up C. clean up it D. to clean up it 5、Old men here are well in the home fro the elderly and they are having a happy life. A. looked after B. looked over C. looked for D. looked down 系动词 定义 系动词本身有词义，但是不能单独作谓语，必须和表语一起构成系表结构来说明主语的特征、性质或状态。 分类 系动词根据作用可以分为状态持续系动词，感官系动词，变化系动词等。 用法 a. 状态持续系动词 用来表示主语保持的状态，有be(am/is/are); keep; stay; remain等。如： He is a teacher.　他是一名教师。 He always kept silent at