八下四单元词汇语法笔记.doc

Unit Four He said I was hard-working Grammar 直接引语和间接引语 1.陈述句. 用连词that引导，that在口语中常省略。主句的谓语动词可直用接引语中的said, 也可用told来代替，注意，可以说said that, said to sb. that, told sb. that，不可直接说told that, 如： He said, “I have been to the Great Wall.” He said to us that he had been to the Great Wall. He said, “Ill give you an examination next Monday.” He told us that he would give us an examination the next Monday. (不可说told that) ?(me,him或us等). He said, “Are you interested in English?” He asked (me) if/whether I was interested in English. He said, “Did you see him last nigh?” He asked (me) if/whether I had seen him the night before. (2)特殊疑问句: 仍用原来的疑问句引导. “What can I do for you?” he asked me. He asked (me) what he could do for me. (3)选择疑问句:直接引语如果是选择疑问句, 用whether引导. She asked, “Are you going there or not?” She asked me whether I was going there or not. 祈使句: 改为tell,ask,order sb (not) to do sth 句型，表示命令。 如：Dont make any noise, the teacher said to the students. ------The teacher told the students not to make any noise. Open the door,please, she said .----She asked him to open the door. 4. Lets开头的祈使句，变为用“suggest +doing或+从句。如： He said:Lets go to the movies.-----He suggested going to the movies. He suggested that they should go to see the movies. 5. 感叹句, 用what或how引导，也可用that引导，如： She said, “What a lovely day it is!” She said what a lovely day it was. 或She said that it was a lovely day. 三. 间接引语中的呼应. 时态变化 例 句 直接引语 间接引语 一般现在时→ 一般过去时 He said, “I’m afraid I can’t finish the work. He said that he was afraid he couldn’t finish the work. 现在进行时→ 过去进行时 He said, “I’m using the knife.” He said that he was using the knife. 现在完成时→ 过去完成时 She said, “I’ve not heard from him since May.” She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时→ 过去完成时 He said, “I came to help you.” He said that he had come to help me. 过去完成时→ 过去完成时 He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.” He said that he had finished his homework before supper. 一般将来时