句法ppt.ppt

句法 ★简单句 ★定语从句 ★宾语从句 ★同为语从句 ★主语从句 ★状语从句 ★表语从句 ★简单句 1.Ｓ(subject) +V(verb)（主＋谓） appear,apologize,arrive,come,die,disappear,fall,agree,go,work,listen,look,belong,exist,sit,sail,hurry,succed, happen, rise 2.Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｐ（主＋系＋表） ⑴表示状态的连系动词。这些词有：be, look, seem,feel, appear, smell, taste, sound, stay,keep,hold, remain,stand 等等 ⑵表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有：become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,run,fall, prove,turn out等等。 3.Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾） accept,allow,begin,believe,bring,buy,clean,close,comeplain,count,consider,discover,explain,find,follow,hurt,learn,promise,think 4.Ｓ +Ｖ +InO +DＯ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾） （需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise,?return, send, show, teach, tell,sell,wish, write, ask,等。 （需借助for 的） buy,call,cook, choose,paint,draw,find,get,make,order?sing, save, spare,play(演奏）等。 5.Ｓ +Ｖ +Ｏ +OＣ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补） allow,ask,catch,call,find,get,have,hear,help,leave,make,see,secd,teach,tell,think,want,watch,let,smell,elect,tell,imagine,keep,notice,start,appoint,believe,cause,consider,except,know,wish,listen to,look at. ★定语从句 ▲that和which都可以指物，但以下五种情况只用that不用which ①当先行词既有人又有物时。如 Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? ②当先行词为不定代词all,one,few,little,no,some,any,something,everthing,nothing,nobady,none等时。如： This is all that I want from the school. ③当先行词被only,just,very,right,last等词修饰时。如: This is the very book that I am looking for these days ④当先行词被最高级修饰时。如： The TV tower is the highest building that has been built in this city. ⑤当先行词被序数词修饰时。如： The first lesson that I learned will never been forgotten. (2)that和who都可以指人，但下面两种情况多用who。 ①先行词为all,anyone,one,ones等时，如： All who heard the news were excited ②先行词为those,he和people时，如： Those who want to go please sign your names here. He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man ▲关系副词=介词+关系代词 why= for which ； when=during/on/in …..which ；where=in/at/on which(介词同先行词搭配) (1) the reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,?(2) from the year when/in which he was going to school he began to know what he wan