名词的属格.ppt

Genitives of Nouns Genitives of Nouns （名词的属格） Introduction Case is a grammatical category. It denotes the changes in the form of a noun or a pronoun showing its relationship with other words in a sentence. Modern English have not a complicated case system like that of Latin, German or modern Russian. Genitive A form of the noun which shows a relationship of possession or origin between one thing and another. Normally speaking, it includes-’s form and –of form. 1. –’s form We normally use –’s for people or animals( animate nouns) E.g. the girl’s name the horse’s tail Mr. Evan’s daughter a woman’s hat The manager’s office Sarah’s eyes Where is the manager’s office? (not ‘the office of the manager’) The connotations of genitive nouns (’s ) Possessive genitive Mr. Brown’s suitcase, Socrates’s wisdom Mrs Cammeron’s passport Subjective genitive Mr. Smith’s arrival, the boy’s survival Objective genitive The children’s education, the man’s capture Genitive of origin Alice’s telegram = telegram from Alice Byron’s poems = poems written by Byron Descriptive genitive children’s stories = stories for children a women’s college = a college for women Genitive of time, distance, measure, value, etc an hour’s work, a pound’s weight, one dollar’s worth of meat Genitive of subject complement the boy’s kindness (the boy is kind) the victim’s courage (the victim is courageous Genitive of part whole the horse’s tail the boy’s arms Attention: 当属格’s和of-属格都可用时，前者突出中心词（John’s wife 突出wife）；后者突出of- 后的名词（the wife of John突出John）。 由于’s属格用于人和动物比of- 属格常见， of-属格主要用来使结构平衡（the work of Henry and John），因此涉及人和动物时，若不存在结构平衡问题要尽量用’s 属格（Mary’s husband / *the husband of Mary ）， 特别是来源性属格（John’s telegram / *the telegram of John）和描绘性属格(children’s hospital / *the hospital of children)。 ‘s属格和of-属格用于无生命的名词 1. 与地理有关的名词 The world’s economy = ? The town’s development = ? 2. 与天体有关的名词 the sun’s rays = ? the earth’s surf