2016data_fitting matlab拟合概要1.pptVIP

Data Fitting 施心慧 中国海洋大学数学科学学院 Predict the vehicle’s total stopping distance as a function of its speed Assumptions: total stopping distance =reaction distance+ braking distance Example: Vehicular(车的) Stopping Distance reaction distance: The distance the vehicle travels from the instant （瞬间，时刻）the driver perceives a need to stop to the instant when the brakes（刹车） are actually applied. braking distance The distance required for the brakes to bring the vehicle to a complete stop Example: Vehicular (车的) Stopping Distance Example: Vehicular (车的) Stopping Distance reaction distance =f( response time, speed) =tr v = k1v braking distance =h( weight, speed)=k2v2 Total stopping distance = k1v+ k2v2 Assume that the vehicle continues at constant speed from the time the driver determines the need to stop until the brakes are applied. Speed (mph) Driver Reaction distance(ft) Braking Distance(ft) 　 Total stopping dist.(ft) 　 1 2 Average　 1 2　 Average　 　 20 22 18 22 20 40 44 42 25 28 25 31 28 53 59 56 30 33 36 45 40.5 69 78 73.5 35 39 47 58 52.5 86 97 91.5 40 44 64 80 72 108 124 116 45 50 82 103 92.5 132 153 142.5 50 55 105 131 118 160 186 173 55 61 132 165 148.5 193 226 209.5 60 66 162 202 182 228 268 248 65 72 196 245 220.5 268 317 292.5 70 77 237 295 266 314 372 343 75 83 283 353 318 366 436 401 80 88 334 418 376 422 506 464 When we encounter a large amount of data points (xi,yi),(i=1,…,m), what will we do? Fitting a selected model type or types to the data Choosing the most appropriate（合适的、适当的） model from competing types that have been fitted. Making predictions from the collected data. Fitting Models to data Graphically Assume the modeler has made certain assumptions leading to a model of particular type. Plot the data points Find the unknown parameters of the fitting function family （拟合函数类） Or transformed data points Given some function type y=f(x,p1,p2,…,pt) and a collection of m data points (xi,yi), i=1,…m, Analytic Methods of Model Fitting Inves