大学英语新四级写作讲义1.ppt

大学英语新四级写作 一、新四级写作要求与评分标准 写作能力测试部分为四级考试第一项，比例为15%，时间为30分钟，体裁包括议论文、说明文、应用文 大学英语写作的四个基本考点 1、切题——在形式上诸如段落、字数、文体、格式等方面满足题目要求，并在内容上没有偏差。 2、表达清楚、条理清晰——考查学生对文章结构的掌握，要求文章主题观点明确，有头有尾，论证说明安排有主次，有轻重。 3、文字通顺，连贯性较好——考查学生对过渡句和连接词或词组的掌握和运用，要求文章句子内部与句子之间通顺连贯，不突兀。 4、基本无语言错误——考查学生语言基本功的掌握，包括语法与拼写两部分。 作文评分标准 2分……条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分……基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分……基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 作文评分标准 14分……切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。 [注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。] 字数不足应酌情扣分 文章的段落的写作 段落（ paragraph ）是由表达单一中心思想（controlling idea or central idea ）的一组句子。 包括 主题句 topic sentence, 推展句 supporting sentences 及结论句 concluding sentence 是文章结构的基本独立单位。 1.　主题句是表达段落主题的句子。它用以概括段落大意，要求全段其他文字都围绕它展开 　　My mother has passed along to me certain rules for getting along with others. Dont argue with parents; they will think you dont love them. Dont argue with children; they will think themselves victimized. Dont argue with spouses; they will think you are a tiresome mate. Dont argue with strangers; they will think you are not friendly. My mothers rules, in fact, can be summed up in two words: Dont argue. 主题句的位置 　　主题句通常放在段落的开端，其特点是开门见山地摆出问题，然后加以详细说明。其作用是使文章的结构更清晰，更具说服力，便于读者迅速地把握主题和想象全段的内容。 主题句通常放在段落的开端 例1 Our life today depends very much on energy. In towns and in villages, on farms and in factories, machines have made life easier than it used to be. The machines use energy, and energy is needed for heating, lighting, communications, carrying goods ---everything. Factories and industrial plants use a great deal of energy to make the things that we use and buy and sell. 主题句通常放在段落的开端 例2 No one can avoid being influenced by advertisements. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a subtle influence on us. In their efforts to persuade us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of