四、私有数据成员和友元(国外英文资料).docVIP

四、私有数据成员和友元 Four, private data members and friends of the.Txt a carton of cigarettes one computer one day a person a bottle of wine a dish of bean over night. Never carry a womans little temper, women can never withstand the sweet words of men. First, the use of private data members 1. values and valuation member functions An object oriented convention is to ensure the privacy of all data members. In general, we read private data members through public member functions as public interfaces. At some point, we call such functions as values and assignment functions. The return value of the value function and the parameters passed to the assignment function do not have to match the type of all data members one by one. #include iostream.h Class Date { Int, Mo, Da, yr; Public: Date (int, m, int, D, int, y) {mo=m; da=d; yr=y;} Int getyear () const {return yr;} Void setyear (int, y) {yr = y;} }; Int, main () { Date DT (4,1,89); Cout dt.setyear (97); Cout return 0; } The above example is simple and is not analyzed. To get into the habit of accessing and changing data in a class through member functions. This is beneficial to the design and maintenance of software. For example, change the internal data of the Date class, but still uses the modified getyear () and setyear () to provide access to the interface, then use the class need not modify their code, only need to recompile the program. 2. const member functions Note that in the above program, getyear () is declared constant, so that the member function does not modify the object that calls him. By adding the const modifier, you can make the member functions that access the object data complete only those actions that do not cause data changes. If the program declares that a Date object is constant, then the object must not call any very variable member functions, whether or not the functions really try to modify the objects data. A constant object can be called only if the functions that do not cause data change are decl