数据库技术课后习题答案(国外英文).docVIP

数据库技术课后习题答案(国外英文资料) Chapter 1 15. what are the basic methods of file system data management? In file systems, people deal with data by writing programs according to file names, without having to worry about data The physical location provided by the file system access method. When the device changes, you do not have to change the program, but when the physical structure of the data changes, you need to modify the program, that is, you must familiarize yourself with the storage structure of the file The file in the file system only stores the data, does not store the description of the file structure, therefore, the document is built Operations such as capture, query, insert, delete, modify, etc., are performed by the application. 16.. What is data redundancy? What are its possible consequences? The number of times redundancy refers to repeated in two or more data in the file. The possible consequences are: data anomalies, data inconsistencies, and impact on data integrity. 17. give an example of what data anomalies are Data anomalies are caused by data redundancy. When a data item changes, multiple changes must be made; otherwise, It might make the same data different in different files. For example, a workers telephone number has been changed, not only to modify the telephone number in the workers file, but also to modify the telephone number of the employee involved in other documents, such as sales documents. 18. what is a data model? What is a conceptual model? What is an implementation model? What are the common implementation models? A data model is used to describe the structure of data, the nature of data, the relation between data, the integrity, the constraints, and the Some data transformation rules that describe the overall logical structure of data and the relation between data. A conceptual model used to describe the characteristics of things, things, and connections between things, such as the ER model. It is independent of the computer system Impleme