必修四module 4 grammmar.ppt

* 必修四 Module 4 Grammar Revision of the Passive Voice 语态： 英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。 主动语态 被动语态 主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。 被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者， 即行为动作的对象。 Many people speak English. 主语 谓语 一般说来， 只有需要 动作对象 的及物动词 才有被动语态 English is spoken by many people 主语 谓语 一.主动语态变被动语态的方法 (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词) (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语， 将主格改为宾格。 Tom cleans the room today. 主 谓 宾(受动者) The room 主 is cleaned 谓 by Tom 宾 today. 二.被动语态的构成 助动词 be + 及物动词的过去分词 说明(1)done表示动词的过去分词(2)下划线的词为助动词 过去将来时 主 + would be + done 过去进行时 主 + was/were being + done 现在进行时 主 +am/is/are being + done 过去完成时 主 +had been + done 现在完成时 主 + have/has been + done 一般将来时 主 + will be + done 含情态动词主 + 情态动词 + be done 一般过去时 主 + was / were + done 一般现在时 主 + am / is / are + done 助动词be有时态、人称和数的变化，其变化规则与连系动词be完全一样。 1. 一般现在时： People grow rice in the south of the country. Rice is grown in the south of the country. 2. 一般过去时： They agreed on the building of a new car factory last month. The building of a new car factory was agreed on last month. 3. 一般将来时： They will send cars abroad by sea. Cars will be sent abroad by sea. 4. 过去将来时： The manager said they would complete the project by the end of the year. The manager said the project would be completed by the end of the year. 5. 现在进行时： The radio is broadcasting English lessons. English lessons are being broadcast on the radio. 6. 过去进行时： This time last year we were planting trees here. Trees were being planted here this time last year. 7. 现在完成时： Someone has told me the sports meet might be put off. I have been told the sports meet might be put off. 8. 过去完成时： When I got to the theatre, I found they had already sold out the tickets. When I got to the theatre, I found the tickets had already been sold out. 9. 含有情态动词的被动语态： You must hand in your compositions after class. Your compositions must be handed in after class. be to do---- be to be done be going to do---be going to be done be about to do---be about to be done He is to