7章 推理概述的.pptVIP

第七章 推理概述 药恩情 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一、推理的概念 二、推理的类型 三、推理的有效性与逻辑推理 四、证据的运用与逻辑推理 五、法律推理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 一、推理的概念 推理是根据几个已知命题推导出一个命题的思维形式。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 静态的推理：逻辑思维形式。 动态的推理：逻辑思维过程。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 推理 如果一个人持枪自杀，他身上的射入口周围会遗留弹药烟垢。 刘某身上的射入口周围有遗留弹药烟垢。 ________________________ 刘某是持枪自杀。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. WHO ARE THEY? Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 陈强在舞台演出时，发现台下一名战士怒火中烧，猛拉枪栓，断定可能向自己射击，于是猛地低头，弹头从陈强头上飞过。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 客观 人要进行射击，需要拉枪栓，举枪瞄准。 一名战士（怒火中烧），猛拉枪栓，并举枪向舞台瞄准。 ________________________ 战士要向舞台射击。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 主观 贫农出身的战士痛恨大地主黄世仁 陈强扮演大地主黄世仁 _____________________ 战士痛恨大地主扮演者 陈强 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 二、推理的类型 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. （一）推理的类型之一 演绎推理 归纳推理 类比推理 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 1 演绎推理 由一般推向特殊，根据一般推出个别命题的推理形式。 Evaluation only. Created with Aspose.Slides for .NET 3.5 Client Profile 5.2.0.0. Copyright 2004-2011 Aspose Pty Ltd. 构成:大前提、小前提、结论 大前提：是用以作为某类事物基本依据的一般性命题。 小前提：是需要认识的关于某类事物的具体命题。 结论：是通过两个命题的联结得出的命题。 Evaluation only. Creat