中国文化通览(第五课)section2.ppt

Section 2 Beijing Opera and Local Operas The History of Chinese Opera Traditional Chinese opera is the cream of the Chinese culture. It came from the song and dance of the primitive society. (1)in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period : sorcerer’s dance in the feudal society, or comedian’s dance, (2)in the Han Dynasty :acrobatics to vaudeville; (3)in the Tang Dynasty:?canjunxi?(military staff officers’ performance), the stories became more and more complicated, and the whole thing gradually became a combination of different kinds of arts.? The History of Chinese Opera (4) Zaju?(poetic drama set to music, usually consisting of four acts called?Zhe, with one character having the singing role in each?Zhe) in the Song Dynasty and?Yuanben?(or?Zaju) in the Jin Dynasty:were comparatively complete forms of traditional Chinese opera. (5)The birth of?Zaju?in the Yuan Dynasty marked the maturity of traditional Chinese opera. In the Ming Dynasty, there appeared?Zaju?and?Chuanqi?(poetic or verse dramas). (6)During the reign of Emperor Jiajing of the Ming Dynasty, Kun Opera, otherwise known as Kungshanqiang?or?Kunqu?(both?qiang?and?qu?meaning opera), came into being. As one of China’s representative classical operas, it nurtured and nourished many operas, hence the mother of operas. The History of Chinese Opera (7) In the Qing Dynasty,?Chuanqi?continued to be popular. Local operas flourished, including? Kunqiang,?Gaoqiang,?Xuansuoqiang,Bangziqiang, and?Pihuangqiang. (8)During the reign of Emperor Qianlong of the Qing Dynasty, operas were divided into?Huabu?and?Yabu. The former, also calledLuantuan, refers to local operas while the latter to Kun Opera only, which was gradually on the wane because it was only enjoyed by the nobles in the royal court, not the general public. And it was at this historic moment that Beijing Opera, also known as Peking Opera, emerged. Beijing Opera (a treasure of the Chinese nation,a cultural symbol ) 1. The featur