初中英语词法(副词、代词、数词、冠词).docx

词类专题（二）一、副词1 副词的种类、用法和位置副词在句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。用来表示时间、场所、状态及程度。1.副词的种类(1)时间副词　①表示大体时间：now,then,yesterday,today, tonight,before,justnow,recently,so far　②表示频率：always,usually,often,sometimes.seldom,never　③其它作用：already,yet,late,early,soon,at once,immediately,atfirst,at last,finally(2)地点副词　①表地点：here,there,home,abroad,upstairs,downstairs,anywhere,everywhere,nowhere,somewhere.　②表位置关系(后接宾语时，用作介词)：above,below,round,around,down,up,in,out,inside,outside,across,back,along,over,away,near,off,past(3)方式副词表示谓语动词怎样地，(此类副词大部分由形容词加ly构成)：　badly,bravely,gratefully,calmly,carefully,carelessly,nervously,proudly,patiently,　politely,sadly,properly,rapidly,wrongly,suddenly.(4)程度副词多数用来修饰形容词或副词：much,(a)little,a bit,very,sO,too,enough,quite,rather,completely,terribly,deeply,nearly,almost,hardly(5)疑问副词构成特殊疑问句：how,when, where,why(6)连接副词连接主语、宾语或表语从句：how,when,where,why(7)关系副词引导定语从句：when,where,why(8)其它性质的副词对整个句子进行说明，一般用逗号与主句隔开：frankly(坦率地说,说真的)，generally(一般说来)，luckily(幸运地是)，first of all(首先)等。2.副词的用法1.地点副词、时间副词和方式副词一般放在句末注意：地点副词作定语时要后置，不属于这种情况。有时少数地点副词和时间副词可以作定语，放在所修饰词的后边。　　The students here are all from China.　　Ill wait for you here.(地点副词)我将在这儿等你。　　Ill meet him at the station tomorrow.(时间副词)明天我将去车站接他。　　Tomorrow Ill meet him at the station.注意：有时为了强调时间，也可把时间副词放在句首。　　The boy wrote the homework quickly.(方式副词)　　这个男孩子写作业很快。　　They did their experiments carefully in the labyesterday.方式地点时间　　昨天他们在实验室认真地做实验。　　The students all worked well here last week　　这些学生上周在这里都做得很好。2.频度副词在句中位置有以下两种　　a.在be动词、情态动词及第一个助动词之后。　　She is always kind to us(be动词) 她对我们总是很好。　　I can never forget the day.(情态动词) 我永远也不能忘掉这一天。　　The work has never been done助动词助动词(频度副词never放在第一个助动词has的后面) 这件工作永远也做不完。　　b.在实义动词之前3.程度副词有下列二种情况　　a.修饰动词时,它在句中的位置与频度副词的情况相似。　　He is almost forty years old.(在be动词之后)他快四十岁了。注意：如果句末同时有几个副词，它的基本顺序是：方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。　　He can hardly understand you.(在情态动词之后) 他几乎听不懂你的活。　　I like the boy.(在实义动词之前)我相当喜欢这个男孩子。　　b.修饰形容词、副词时，放在它所修饰的词的前面。　　He studies much harder now. 现在他学习努力多了。　The room is big enough to hold fifty persons.(enough修饰