新编英语教程第12单元.pptVIP

The passive sentence 1. in the present progressive 2. in the past progressive 3. in the be going to structure 4. with a modal auxiliary 当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。我们知道，be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式： 一般现在时 am / is / are 一般过去时 was / were 一般将来时 shall / will + be 过去将来时 would / should + be 现在进行时 am / is / are + being 过去进行时 was / were + being 现在完成时 have / has + been 过去完成时 had + been 2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者），例如：My TV set is being repaired in the shop. 我的电视机正在这店里修。These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。The song was composed by a young worker. 这首歌是一位年青工人谱写的。 3) 不愿意说出动作的执行者，其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等。在这种情况下，有时常用一些句式，如It is said that…（据说……），It is reported that …（据报道……），It is rumoured that …（据传言……）等等。例如：You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。 It is rumored that he has been appointed as successor to the president of our company . 据传闻，他已被任命为我们公司总裁的接班人了。It is generally considered impolite to ask ones age, salary, marriage, etc.. 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。 4) 出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。例如：The professor came to our school and warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语。）那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。I went to the party and was asked by my friends to do some cooking for them. （同上）我去参加了那个聚会，朋友们还请我为他们烧了几样菜。The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area.（此句若选those作主语，就会使主语与谓语相距太远而显得句子松散，因为它的定太长了。）这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。 2. 关于dare的意义和用法 作为情态动词表示“胆敢”，dare通常只用于否定陈述句和疑问句。例如： I dare not go there. How dare he say such rude things about me? dare作为情态助动词没有过去式形式，其否定式为daren’t，既可指现在时间，也可指过去时间。例如： Tom wanted to come, but he daren’t. dare还可用主动词，随后的不定式可带to,也可不带to。例如： He does not dare (to) answer. Does she dare (to) go there alone? * * Unit 12 Main teaching points 1. Passive voice 被动语态 谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系-1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；2）当句子的主语是