Ch27 Unemployment(经济学,英文版复旦,周翼)概要1.pptVIP

Chapter 27Unemployment David Begg, Stanley Fischer and Rudiger Dornbusch, Economics, 6th Edition, McGraw-Hill, 2000 Power Point presentation by Peter Smith Some key terms Unemployment rate: the percentage of the labour force without a job but registered as being willing and available for work Labour force those people holding a job or registered as being willing and available for work Participation rate the percentage of the population of working age declaring themselves to be in the labour force Unemployment in the UK, 1950-99 Unemployment (%) in selected countries Labour market flowsIt is tempting to see the labour market in static terms Labour market flows More on labour market flows The size of these flows is surprisingly high In 1999 unemployment in the UK began at 1.29 million During the year: 3.14 million became unemployed but 3.3 million left the ranks of the unemployed The composition of unemployment Different groups in society are more vulnerable to unemployment, varying by: age gender region ethnic origin Types of unemployment Frictional the irreducible minimum level of unemployment in a dynamic society people between jobs the ‘almost unemployable’ Structural unemployment arising from a mismatch of skills and job opportunities when the pattern of demand and production changes it takes time for ex-coal miners to retrain as international bankers Types of unemployment (2) Demand-deficient unemployment occurs when output is below full capacity ‘Keynesian’ unemployment occurs in the transitional period before wages and prices have fully adjusted Classical unemployment created when the wage is deliberately maintained above the level at which labour supply and labour demand schedules intersect A ‘modern’ view of unemployment A similar categorization is retained, but an important distinction is to be noted between: Voluntary unemployment when a worker chooses not to accept a job at the going wage rate Involuntary unemployment when a worker would be willing to