Communicative Rhetoric (交际修辞)概要1.pptVIP

* Communicative Rhetoric Definition Choice of Setences Choice of Words Emphasizes the choice of words and phrases, and selection of sentence patterns, organizing paragraphs and whole pieces of writing in such a way that ideas are expressed more clearly, more accurately and more appropriately and the best results are achieved in communication. Communicative rhetoric : Use suitable words Principles of choosing words: To communicate our ideas precisely and effectively, we should choose the right words that are exact, fresh, vivid, and appropriate. Example:woman, lady, skirt, female都表示“妇女”但是它们的使用场合不同。lady和female 都属于正式语体。lady 可用于一切正式场合，是雅词；female 一般只用在填写身份、表格等场合中使用，不常用。woman 是常用词，介于正式与非正式之间，可用于书面语或者口语；skirt是非正式语体，在口语中含有轻蔑之意。 Denotation and connotation Denotation is the specific, direct, and literal meaning of a word, as described in a dictionary definition. It is also called denotative meaning or explicit meaning. Connotation is the associative or suggestive meaning of a word. It often implies attitudes, emotions, etc. of the speaker or writer, and is also called implicit meaning. Example: Home means a place where one lives. Home means a place of warmth, shelter, comfort,etc. General words and specific words General words refer to a group or class; they often used for the sake of diplomacy. Specific words refer to a member of that class; they tend to give color and tang, tend to appeal to the imagination. 就比较具体，而the crabapple tree in the yard 则是特指区别词义的泛指和特指，主要是为了使措辞更加有效，因为特指意义的词比较有声有色，能唤。例如:像“We found an animal in the field.”这样的句子难以使读者在一瞬间产生活跃的想象，因为animal这个泛指词缺乏生动的图像，而如果用deer,fox,tiger 等一些具有特指意义的词代替这个词，那么读者的想象就能展开。 Abstract words and concrete words A concrete word has an object as its referent, while an abstract word，a concept. Concrete words: peach, pear, apple and apricot Abstract words: Sweetness, fuzziness and softness Both abstract/general words and concrete/ specif