DFB激光器.pptVIP

Distributed Feedback Lasers Overview Mike Huang EE 290F February 17, 2004 [Tuesday] Semiconductor Lasers I (pump current) Add mirrors to provide optical feedback Add optical guiding to improve efficiency Optical Cavity (plane waves) [1] Transmission of the optical cavity Transmission as function of the electrical length for different reflectivities (R) [1]. Maximum transmission for ? = q? Cavity with gain: R ? G(?).R Threshold Condition Solve for gain ? (a) gain profile [3]. (b) intensity spectrum [3]. Single Longitudinal Mode Oscillation Shorter cavity [VCSEL] increase mode spacing wider spectral width Injection of external light careful tuning External coupled cavity mechanical vibration, temperature and pressure changes Diffraction grating inside the laser structure [DFB] Laser Spectra 100? ~3? ? ? ? ? Gain Free Spectral Range DFB and DBR lasers [3] DFB DBR HR coating AR coating Cross section of DFB Lasers Laser output direction Edge-Emitting Lasers: Fabry-Perot (FP) Lasers DFB (distributed feedback) Lasers Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Lasers (VCSEL) Typical dimesion: 2 um x 500 um 5 um x 5 um Periodic Structure with Gain Incident and reflected intensities inside the corrugated section with gain [2] Solving for DFB Lasers Oscillation Condition Reflection gain contour in the ??L - ?L plane [2] Regular DFB Laser [2] ?/4-Shifted DFB Laser [2] Gain-Coupled DFB Laser plug-in coupled mode equations with: Complex ?: Index- x Gain(Loss)-Coupled DFBs [2] Index-coupled DFB lasers have two degenerate (longitudinal) modes Mode selection is based on facet phase ? very tricky and unreproducible Gain- or loss- coupled DFB Single wavelength More difficult to fabricate Fabrication (grating structure in DFB) Grating dimension ~ l/4n ~ 100nm (for l~1.55mm) Electron-beam lithography (EUV, X-ray, ion-beam, …) Interference of two UV lights. UV sensitive PR Dicing (edge-emitting-lasers) Substrate is thinned down (~100mm) before cleaving. To create reflecti