写作技能步步高--1.docVIP

写作技能步步高（一） 句子主要成分：主语/ 谓语/ 宾语 写作离不开句子，要写好英语的句子，首先要了解英语的句子由哪些成分构成，能充当这些成分的各是什么词。 句子的组成部分分为：主语，谓语，宾语，定语，状语，补语，其中主语与谓语是主要成分，一般不可缺少；其它成分可根据具体的句子加以选择。我们先复习句子的主要成分;主语、谓语和宾语。 一．主语 句子的主体，表示句子所说的是谁或是什么 练习 请找出下列句子的主语并指出什么(词、短语或句子)可以充当主语 1. The boy comes from America. 2. He usually goes to shool alone. 3. Learning English is very important. 4. To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary. 5. That he won the prize excited everyone. 6. It is important for us to have our dreams. 7. It is obvious that he was wrong . It is no use crying over spilt milk. （覆水难收） 归纳 主语一般由名词 , 或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括 __________ , 还有 ；另外，当句子的主语为 _ , 或 __________ 时，主语部分太长，为使句子平衡，避免头重脚轻，常用it作形式主语。 二、谓语 说明主语的动作、状态或特征；由动词或动词词组充当；除了倒装等特殊情况外，谓语总是位于主语的后面，即主语+谓语 【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要一致 练习 请找出下列句子的谓语并指出谓语的构成：1.实义动词 2.连系动词+表语 3.情态动词+动词的原形 4.助动词+动词的适当形式。 His parents are teachers. The sun rises in the east. We have finished reading the book. You ought to work harder. I felt cold. He doesnt like music . 三、宾语 表示动作的对象，一般由名词、宾格代词、或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当（包括不定式、动名词还有宾语从句）。 练习 请找出下列句子的宾语并指出充当宾语的词（名词、宾格代词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词短语还是宾语从句？） He has never met her in person. She handed him a book. He likes to play basketball We enjoy listening to music. She said that she felt sick. They sent the injured to hospital. I find it impossible to believe her any longer. We consider it no good getting up late. They believed it strange that he should have done that. 注意：1. 当句子的宾语为______________, ______________, 或_______________时， 常用it 作形式宾语，以保持句子的平衡。2. 宾语常位于 或 的后面。 综合练习 分析下列句子，请找出其中的主语（下划单横线）， 谓语（下划双横线）和宾语（下划波浪线）。 The boy comes from America . He found it no use trying to persuade her . To be a teacher is my dream . Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story . Many changes took place in my hometown. I’d like to swim this afternoon . It is a pity that he missed the film . He supposed it improper to ask for leave . She understood what he said finally .