虚拟语气(大学英语专题辅导-重点语法部分).ppt

大学英语专题辅导 专题一：重点语法部分 第一章 虚拟语气 虚拟语气是动词的一种特殊形式，用来表示一种假设、意愿、建议、请求等不可能成为事实的情况。 ? 1．虚拟语气用于非真实条件句 非真实条件句，往往表示一种不真实的假设。一般地，非真实条件句由连接词If引导，但也可以省略，还有其它一些形式的非真实条件句。 1．1．谓语动词的各种形式?在If引导的非真实条件句中，谓语动词具有以下特殊形式： 与现在 从 句 did,were, V-ed 事实相反 主句 would(should,could,might)+v. 与过去 从 句 had+V-ed/been 事实相反 主 句 would(should,could, might) + have+v-ed 对未来的 从 句 were to/should+ v 虚拟推测 主 句 would(should,could,might)+v. 1.1.1.和现在事实相反的非真实条件句 这类非真实条件句表示和现在事实相反的情况。比如： --I would/should certainly go if I had the time. 如果我有时间，我一定会去的。 --If I were your father, I would criticize you more severely. 如果我是你父亲，我会更严厉地批评你。 如果你能久留些日子，那多好啊！ --How nice it would be if you could stay a bit longer！ --如果我知道他的地址，我就能给他写信了 If I knew his address ,I would be able to write to him . 如果他在这里，他或许会帮忙的。 --If he were here ,he might be able to help. 1.1.2.和过去事实相反的非真实 条件句这类非真实条件句表示过去未发生的事情，和过去事实相反。比如： 如果我早一点离开的话，我就会赶上火车了。 --If I had left a little earlier ,I would have caught the train. -- 如果把那个人送到一家更好的医院的话，他也许回被救活的 The man’s life might have been saved if he had been sent to a better hospital. 我要是更细心一些的话，会做得更好的。 --I could have done better if I had been more careful. 你如果多穿些衣服，就不会着凉了。 You wouldn’t have caught cold if you had put on more clothes. 1.1.3.对未来事情的虚拟推测 ?这类非真实条件句表示对未来事情的虚拟推测。 --If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in a different way.   这类非真实条件句表示对未来事情的虚拟推测。 --If I were to/should do it ,I would do it in a different way. 如果我去做这事的话，我会用不同方式去做的。 如果这样的事情再次发生，我们不会如此轻易的放过你的。 --If this were to happen again , we wouldn’t let you off so easily. 如果他们胆敢侵略我们国家，我们会将他们全部消灭掉。 --If they should dare to invade our country , we would wipe them out completely. 1.1.4.省略If的非真实条件句 虚拟条件句中的连接词if省略时，要把were, had, should移到从句的主语之前。比如: 如果我有更多些时间，我一定已经完成家庭作业了。 --Had I had more time (=If I had had more time), I would have finished my homework. 如果他来得早，告诉他等候他的妻子。 --Should he come early (=If he should come early), tel