Kelley归因理论概要1.pptVIP

Kelley’s cognitive theory of education 唐与晗 Harold Kelley 凯利 （February 16, 1921 – January 29, 2003） an American social psychologist and professor of psychology at the of University California, Los Angeles Attribution theory归因理论 Attribution?is a concept in?social psychology?addressing the processes by which individuals explain the causes of behavior and events. Psychological research into attribution began with the work of?Heider?in the early part of the 20th century, subsequently developed by others such as?Harold Kelley. Kelley‘s Covariation Model协变的立体框架 Kelley’s (1967) covariation model is the best known attribution theory. It is a logical model for judging whether a particular action should be attributed to some characteristic (internal) of the person or the environment (external). covariation ？ The term simply means?that a person has information from multiple observations, at different times and situations, and can perceive the covariation of an observed effect and its causes. 凯利的三度归因理论 人们的行为原因十分复杂，仅凭一次观察难以判断他人行为原因，必须多次观察，并利用三种特殊信息对事件进行归因分析。 ⅰ. 客观刺激物 ⅱ. 行为者 ⅲ. 所处的情景或 条件 three types of causal information influencing our judgments Kelley believed to discover the causes of behavior , three elements must be taken into account. ⅰ. Consensus 一致性 ⅱ.Distinctiveness 区别性 ⅲ. Consistency 一贯性 Consensus 一致性 the extent to which other people behave in the same way in a similar situation. E.g.? Alison smokes a cigarette when she goes out for a meal with her friend.? If her friend smokes, her behavior is high in consensus. If only Alison smokes it is low. Distinctiveness 区别性 the extent to which the person behaves in the same way in similar situations. E.g. If Alison only smokes when she is out with friends, her behavior is high in distinctiveness. If