Lexical Relations 词汇的关系概要1.pptVIP

Lexical Relations Contents Synonyms Synonyms are words or expressions that have the same meaning in some or all contexts. Examples apathetic/phlegmatic/passive/sluggish/indifferent 冷漠的 pedigree/ancestry/genealogy/descent/lineage 血统，家系 A sign in the San Diego Zoo Wild Animal Park states: Examples He is sitting on the sofa. He is sitting on the couch. History of Synonyms During the French Norman ocuupation of England that began in 1066 C.E.,many French words of Latin oringin were imported into English.As a result,English contains many synonymous pairs consisting of a word with an Engish (or Germantic)root,and another with a Latin root . Antonyms Antonyms 1.Difinition:Words that are opposite in meaning are antonyms. （1）Complementary Pairs Examples alive/dead(They are complemantary in that alive=not dead and dead =not alive...) present/absent awake/asleep （2）Gradable Pairs Examples big/small hot/cold fast/slow happy/sad Characteristics of Gradable Pairs 1.The meaning of adjectives in gradable pairs is related to the object they modify.The words do not provide an absolute scale. a small elephant vs a large mouse Fast ~ an airplane vs a car Characteristics of Gradable Pairs 2.Another that one is marked and the other unmarked.The unmarked member is the one used in questions of degree. --How high is the mountain?(notHow low is it?) --Ten thousand feet high（but neverTen thousand feet low） marked/unmarked: high/low tall/short fast/slow （3）Relational Opposites give/receive buy/sell teacher/pupil display symmetry in their meaning. eg:-er and -ee （4）Autoantonyms or Contranyms  Some words are their own antonyms. - cleave ~to spilt awayorto cling together - dust~to remove somethingorto spread something,as in dusting furniture or dusting crops. Antonymic pairs that are pronounced the same but spell differently are similar to autoantonyms:raise and raze. Autoantonyms Forms Add prefix -un/-non/-in: likely/unlikely abl