高中英语语法复习8.doc

高中英语语法复习（第十三讲） 虚拟语气 英语动词一般可带有三种不同的语气(mood)： 陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气。不同的语气用动词不同的形式 (有的还借助句法形式）来表示。 一、陈述语气 (The Indicative Mood) 用来陈述事实，有肯定、否定、疑问或感叹等形式。如： 1. My father and I drove over to the village to see Mr Wu. 2. People dont hibernate. 3. What a strange-looking person (he is)! 4. Are you joking? 二、祈使语气 (The Imperative Mood) 用来表示请求、命令或劝告等。 如： 1.Sit down, please. 2.Dont say it in Chinese. Say it in English, please. 3.Let me have a try. 4.Let him go. 三、虚拟语气 (The Subjunctive Mood) 表示说的话不是事实，或者是不可能发生的情况，而是一种愿望、建议或与事实相反的假设等。一般常用于正式的书面语中。 该语法主要用于if条件状语从句。也可用于主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句等。 通常有三种情况： ①与过去事实相反。 （过去虚拟） ②与现在事实相反。 （现在虚拟） ③与将来事实可能相反。（将来虚拟） “后退一步法” ①与过去事实相反，在从句中用过去完成时形式表示。 ②与现在事实相反，用一般过去时形式表示。 ③与将来事实可能相反，用过去将来时形式表示。 I. 虚拟语气在条件句中的用法 1. 表示与现在事实相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： 条件从句 主句 did（be动词一般用were） would (should, could, might ) + do 1) If I were you, I shouldnt do that. 2) We would go with you if we had time. 3) We could ask him if he were here. 4) If I knew his telephone number, I would ring him up. 练一下 a. If they ______ (be) here, they __________(take) your advice. b. If the world-war ___________ (burst) out again, what ________________ (happen) to our people on earth? c. If the policeman _____________ (be not) in that room, it ________________ (be) very dangerous. d. If I _______ (be) in your position, I _____________(ask) for teacher’s help. 2.表示与过去事实相反，谓语动词的主要 形式如下： 条件从句 主句 had + done would (might ) + have done 1) If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 2) If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him. 3) I would have called you if I had known your phone number. 练一下 a. If Tom (be) more careful in the exam, he _______ (pass) it already. b. If you (get) up earlier, you __(catch) the first train. c. If I (meet) you yesterday, we _ (go) to the concert together. 3.表示与将来事实可能相反，谓语动词的主要形式如下： 条件从句 主句 did should do were to do would + do 1) If it should