列或更多的波同时传播到在空间的.pptVIP

10 Interference of Waves, Standing Waves When two or more waves pass through the same region of space at the same time, the actual displacement is the vector sum of the separate displacement. * The Principle of Superposition Traveling Wave: a wave move through space without interacting with any other waves or objects. The principle of superposition: When two or more waves pass through the same region of space at the same time, it is found that for many waves the actual displacement is the vector sum of the separate of the separate displacement. （波的叠加原理：如果两列或更多的波同时传播到在空间的同一区域中，则介质中实际位移等于每列波引起的位移之和） Interference of Waves The combination of separate waves in the same region of space to produce a resultant wave is called interference. （由分立的波在传播的共同区域叠加产生新的波动行为的现象称为干涉） (Example 10.1 Interference of two cosine waves) And we have: For the case 1, waves are said to be everywhere in phase (φ = 0) and to interfere constructively. That is, the crests of the individual waves occur at the same positions. （对于第一种情况，我们称两列波处处同相位并且干涉增强 (相长干涉)。也 就是说，每列波的波峰出现在相同的位置） In general, when the phase constant has a value between 0 and π, the resultant wave has an amplitude whose value is somewhere between 0 and 2A. And for the case 2, the waves are said to interfere destructively. That is, the crest of one wave coincides with the trough of the second and their displacements cancel at every point. (out of phase) （第二种情况称为相消干涉。也就是说一列波的波峰和另一列波的波谷 位置重叠，在空间中每一点位移相互抵消） （一般情况下，相位介于 0 和 π 之间，叠加波的振幅介于 0 和 2A 之间） interfere constructively interfere destructively If two waves are in phase everywhere, we get: interfere constructively interfere destructively path length path length difference Two waves with parallel vibration directions, identical frequency and constant phase difference superpose in the space. The result of the superposition is that the vibrations of certain points in medium are constructive while the vibrations of other points are destructive. Interference of Waves c