稀有金属材料与工程2011模版-有色金属科学与工程.DOC

超高强Cu-Ni-Si-Mg-Cr合金的组织和性能 黎三华1,2，雷前1，李周1, 2，张良1, 王梦萦1，刘会群2 (1.中南大学材料科学与工程学院，湖南 长沙 410083) （2.有色金属材料科学与工程教育部重点实验室，湖南 长沙 410083） 摘 要: 本文通过光学显微镜、维氏硬度计、涡流电导仪、X射线衍射仪、透射电子显微镜等仪器设备对Cu-6.0Ni-1.4Si-0.15Mg-0.1Cr合金的组织结构和性能进行了表征与测试。结果表明：合金铸态组织为发达的树枝晶组织，并可分为白亮的枝晶区、灰色的中间过渡区及非平衡凝固相粒子。非平衡凝固相主要为δ-Ni2Si和β-Ni3Si。合金主要的强化机制为时效析出强化，主要强化相为δ-Ni2Si。合金经过适当的形变热处理后，硬度为353 HV，抗拉强度为1 010 MPa，屈服强度为930 MPa，伸长率为3.8 %，电导率为29.7 %IACS。 关键词: Cu-Ni-Si合金；固溶处理；沉淀析出；超高强；弹性材料. Microstucture and properties of an ultrahigh strength Cu-Ni-Si-Mg-Cr alloy LI San-hua1, LEI Qian1,* LI Zhou1,2, ZHANG Liang1, WANG Meng-ying1, LIU Huiqun1 (1.School of Materials Science and Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, China) (2.Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Metal Materials Science and Engineering, Ministry of Education, Changsha?4100083, China) Abstract: Microstructure and properties of the Cu-6.0Ni-1.4Si-0.15Mg-0.1Cr alloy were studied by optical microscope, X-ray diffractometer and transmission electron microscope observation, and by Vickers hardness tester, eddy-current electrical conductivity measurement. Results show that the developed dendrite which can be divided into dendrite area, the middle transition region and non-equilibrium solidification phase particles, appeared in the casting ingot. The non-equilibrium solidification phases were δ-Ni2Si and β-Ni3Si. The main strength mechanism for designed alloy was precipitation strengthening and the strengthening phases were δ-Ni2Si. After appropriate thermo-mechanical treatment, the hardness of the alloy was 353 HV, tensile strength was 1 010 MPa, yield strength was 930 MPa, enlogation was 3.8 % and electrical conductivity was 29.7 % IACS. Key word: Cu-Ni-Si alloy; solution treatment; precipitation; super strength; elastic materials 0 前言 导电弹性材料广泛应用于航空航天、电子电器、机械仪表、汽车及家用电器等领域。传统的导电弹性材料主要有锡磷青铜和铍青铜。但是锡磷青铜强度低，一般不超过800 MPa；而铍铜合金本身有剧毒元素铍且高温下强度和弹性显著下降，因此已经不能满足需求[1-2]。近年来国内外研究人员开展了大量的研究工作以寻求新的导电弹性材料，Cu-Ni-Sn系、Cu-Ni-Zn系、Cu-Ni-Al系和Cu-Ti系合金被相继开发出来，强度在1 000 MPa以