乙公司－买方合同约定.PPT

天津某公司于2009年7月12日由天津发运电脑5000台，预计7月27日货物可以抵达日本。 货物启运后，天津公司在因特网上发布电子公告一份，将这批电脑的技术指标、价格、预计到港时间等情况一一公示。 7月14日日本某公司在网上获得这一信息后，立即以电子邮件通知天津公司要求转让该批电脑。 7月19日，双方在网上就电脑价格等问题达成协议，为了稳妥起见又用传真互致加盖公司公章的确认书。 7月29日，货物抵达日本后，日本公司提货时，发现因轮船底舱进水，部分电脑包装遭海水浸泡，影响正常销售。 日本公司提出，电脑在运抵日本之前已经进水，据此要求天津公司赔偿因部分电脑不能正常销售造成的损失。 The passing for risk with goods in transit. Article 68 Goods sold in transit The risk passes to the buyer from the time of the conclusion of the contract. However, if the circumstances so indicate, the risk is assumed by the buyer from the time the goods were handed over to the carrier who issued the documents embodying the contract of carriage. Article 69 Other situations: The risk passes to the buyer when he takes over the goods The risk passes to the buyer when delivery is due and the buyer is aware of the fact that the goods are placed at his disposal at that place. Article 70 ??? If the seller has committed a fundamental breach of contract, articles 67, 68 and 69 do not impair the remedies available to the buyer on account of the breach. General Remedies Avoidance of the contract Specific performance Compensation Liquidated Damages Liquidated damages are the amount agreed by the parties during the formation of a?contract, which is for the injured party to collect as compensation upon a specific breach Part of the contract Liquidated Damages Compensatory for the purpose to compensate the innocent party when breach happens Liquidated Damages Punitive designed to punish the wrongdoer. (penal, penalty clause) Common law countries Compensatory: enforceable Punitive: unenforceable Civil law countries Both are enforceable International rule Both are enforceable China Both are enforceable Legal effect of liquidated damages 中国 《合同法》第一百一十四条规定： 约定的违约金低于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以增加; 　　 约定的违约金过分高于造成的损失的，当事人可以请求人民法院或者仲裁机构予以适当减少; 《最高人民法院关于适用中华人民共和国合同法〉若干问题的解释(二)》 第二十九条当事人主张约定的违约金过高请求予以适当减少的，人民法院应当以实际损失为基础，兼顾合同的履行情况、当事人的过错程度