单片机实现多步进电机控制设计.pdfVIP

单片机实现多步进电机控制的设计 作者： 邹代好 导师: 周达林 摘要：本设计首先介绍了STC89C51 单片机，L297 和L298N 驱动电路及 步进电机的基本原理与功能；其次,设计步进电机实现起停、转向、速度、位置 变化的控制方案；再次，在这些器件功能与特点的基础上，拟出设计思路，构建 系统的总体框架；最后利用PROTEL 软件绘出电路图，同时写出设计系统的运 行流程和相关程序。整个系统通过写入单片机中的程序分配好控制字的存储单元 以及相应的内存地址赋值；启动系统后，从单片机的I/O 口输出控制脉冲，经过 L297、L298N 驱动电路对脉冲进行处理，输出能直接控制步进电机的脉冲信号。 在此基础上，重新分配I/O 资源，同时增加驱动芯片L297、L298N 的个数，在 负载能力范围允许内，就能实现多台步进电机独立起停、转向、速度、位置变化 的控制。 关键字：STC89C51 单片机； L297; L298N; 步进电机 Design of the MCU to Realizes the Control of Many Stepping Motors Abstract ：The paper firstly introduces basic principles and functions of STC89C51 MCU, L297 L298 N drive circuits and stepping motor, secondly designs the control plan of stepping motor to realize starting and stopping, turning around, speeding, and position changes, thirdly produces the thought of design and builds the frame of system based on the principles and functions of these components, lastly designs circuit diagram in PROTEL and lists the operating process of design system and related programs. The whole system distributes saved units and composes values accord to corresponding memory addresses through the programs written in MCU. After starting the system, I/O interface of MCU outputs control pulses, which are handled by L297 and L298N drive circuits, then outputs pulse signals which can directly control stepping motors. In this foundation, the MCU redistributes the I/O resources and adds up the number of drive chips of L297 and L298N, in the meantime the design can realize many stepping motors’ independent starting and stopping, turning around, speeding, and position changes in the loads capability. Keywords：STC89C51MCU；L297；L298N； stepping motor 前言 步进电机是一种将电脉冲信号转换成相应角位移的控制电机。目前，数字技 术、计算机技术和永磁材料的迅速发展，推动了步进电机的发展。