(沉积岩石学课件）161Weatheringandrock.pdf

Weathering and Sedimentation in the Rock Cycle Surface Processes and Weathered Rocks 母岩的风化作用及其产物 —生成沉积岩最原始物质 风化作用概念及类型 风化作用方式 矿物的风化作用 不同岩石的风化作用 影响风化作用的因素 风化作用产物 Weathering: decomposition of rocks  There is a distinction between weathering and erosion:  Weathering converts exposed rock to soil in place  Erosion transports dissolved or fragmented material from the source area where weathering is occurring to a depositional environment where it can form sediment.  Most of the earth’s surface is covered by exposure of sediment or sedimentary rock, by area.  But the sediment layer is thin in most places, with respect to overall crustal thickness, so sedimentary rock is a minor volume fraction of the crust (in part by definition: once buried to the mid-crust, sediments get cooked to metasediments). Why Study? source of sediment  ―Float mapping‖-use regolith to identify underlying rocks  If the type of ancient soil (paleosol) can be identified in the rock record then can deduct info about paleoclimate since climate exerts a strong control on soil type.  Some soils are ores:  Laterite （铁矾土，红土）-rich in Al, Fe, Ni  Bauxite-Al ore （铝土矿）  Both find in tropical climates 一、风化作用的概念 风化作用是指在地表条件下，由于太阳，大气，水，生物等的作用， 使岩石在原地遭受破坏的地质作用。 根本原因：岩石在新的环境下调整达到新的平衡状态。 风化作用是所有外动力地质作用得以发生的序幕。 风的地质作用≠风化作用 风化岩石的主要 营力是含有氧和 二氧化碳的水溶 液、植物和细菌 以及温度的变化。  风化作用是地壳表层岩石的一种破坏作用  作用因素  温度变化  水以及各种酸的溶蚀作用  生物作用  各种地质营力的剥蚀作用等 风化作用实质上表现为一系列崩解和分解 崩解：岩石由大块变成碎块，再 渐变成细粒，其形状和大小改变 物理风化 了，但化学成分不发生变化。