大学物理-质点和质点系的动量定理.ppt

3-1　质点和质点系的动量定理 第三章　动量守恒和能量守恒 物理学 第五版 第三章　动量守恒和能量守恒 物理学 第五版 */14 本章目录 力的累积效应 The accumulative effects of forces 对时间积累 The time accumulative effects of forces 对空间积累 The space accumulative effects of forces 动量(Momentum)冲量 (Impulse) 动量定理 (Theorem of momentum) 动量守恒 (Momentum conservation) 动能(Kinetic energy) 功(Work) 动能定理 (Theorem of kinetic energy) 机械能守恒 (Mechanical energy conservation) 一 动量(Momentum)冲量(Impulse) 质点的动量定理(Theorem of momentum of amass point) 牛顿第二定律:动量为p的质点,在和外里F的作用下,其动量随时间的变化率等于作用在质点上的合外力. Newton’s Second law :When a mass point with momentum p is under the effect of the combined external force F, the time variation of the momentum is equal to the external force acting on the particle. 动量(Momentum) 冲量(Impluse) (矢量Vector) 力对时间的累积效应 物体由于运动具有的机械效果 Objects with the mechanical effect because of moving The time accumulation effects of forces 质点的动量定理:在给定的时间间隔内,外力作用在质点上的冲量,等于质点在此时间内动量的增量. Theorem of momentum of a mass point: In the given time interval, the impulse on a mass point by a external force is equal to the increment in the momentum of that mass point in the same time interval 在直角坐标系分量表示 In cartesian coordinate componet equations 质点在某方向上的动量增量,仅与质点在该方向上所受外力的冲量有关． 说明(Description) The momentum increment of the mass point on some direction only depends on the impulse of the extermal force on the same direction 二 质点系的动量定理 (Theorem of momentum of the mass point system) 质点系 对两质点分别应用质点动量定理 因内力 质点系动量定理:作用于系统的合外力的冲量等于系统动量的增量. The theorem of momentum of the mass point system: The impulse of the combined external forces acting on the mass point system equals the increment in momentum of that system. 作用于质点系的合外力等于质点系动量随时间的变化率. The combined external force acting on the mass point system is equal to the momentum variation rate of the mass p