气溶胶的效应.ppt

习题 由 推导气溶胶层冷却或加热的临界单次反照率： 提示： τ ~ 0.1 ；忽略小项： τ2、 τωβ * * * IPCC), 2007: Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis. Figure TS.6 * * * IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis. Cambridge University Press, Figure 2.10. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_figures_and_tables.shtml http://www.ipcc.ch/graphics/ar4-wg1/jpg/fig-2-10.jpg * Seinfeld, J. H., and S. N. Pandis, 2006: Atmospheric chemistry and physics : from air pollution to climate change. 2nd ed. J. Wiley, Fig. 24.1. * http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/publications_and_data_figures_and_tables.shtml IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis. Cambridge University Press, Figure 2.13. * IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis. Cambridge University Press, Figure 2.20. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/figure-7-20.html http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/fig/figure-7-20.jpeg http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch7s7-5-2.html * IPCC, 2007: Climate change 2007 : the physical science basis. Cambridge University Press, Figure 2.20. http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/figure-7-20.html http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/fig/figure-7-20.jpeg http://www.ipcc.ch/publications_and_data/ar4/wg1/en/ch7s7-5-2.html * * Increased number of aerosols results in the enhancement of NcWe use 300 cm-3 to separate the polluted clouds from clean clouds In the 2nd chapter of my thesis, 28 liquid water cloud cases are selected from two Canadian field campaigns. Intuitively, these clouds can be grouped into 2 populations: polluted and clean clouds with different aerosol number concentrations at the cloud base (a). Enhanced number of aerosols lead to more cloud droplet numbers (b) but with smaller size (c). With same LWC in clouds, these polluted clouds have higher cloud optical depth that means they will reflect more solar radiation (d). http://