分子生物学 ch 6 Prokaryo Transcription.ppt

* Ch.6 Prokaryotic Transcription 1. Basic concepts about transcription 5’ 3’ RNA Transcript A “Simple” Gene Protein Coding Region Terminator Sequence Promoter/ Control Region 3’ Untranslated Region Transcription Start Site 5’ Untranslated Region Several types of RNA are synthesized: messenger RNA (mRNA). )—template for the synthesis of polypeptides by ribosomes . Non-coding RNA or RNA genes— ribosomal RNA (rRNA). transfer RNA (tRNA). micro RNA—regulates gene activity tmRNA RNA polymeraseThis enzyme requires a template, uses all four rNTPs as substrates and synthesizes a product with a composition similar to that of the template, and it requires Mg++. There is 1 type of RNA polymerase in prokaryotes prokaryotic RNA polymerase does not require any other proteins in order to initiate transcription. α2: the two α subunits assemble the enzyme. β: this has the polymerase activity (catalyzes the synthesis of RNA) which includes chain initiation and elongation. β: binds to DNA (nonspecifically). ω: restores denatured RNA polymerase to its functional form in vitro. Now known to promote assembly. ?: sigma factor recognizes a specific region of DNA——promoter, 肝素是一种多价阴子，能和β亚基结合，从而在体外抑制转录作用。β亚基的碱性较强，适于与模板DNA相结合。 利福平（rifampicin）和利福霉素（rifamycin）能结合在β亚基上而对此酶发生强烈的抑制作用。它抑制RNA合成的起始而不抑制其延长。β亚基的基因rpoB的突变可使细菌对利福平有抗性。 链霉溶菌素（streptolydigin）能抑制RNA链的延长. The sigma subunit conveys promoter specificity to RNA polymerase; it is responsible for telling RNA polymerase where to bind. There are a number of different sigma subunits that bind to different promoters and therefore assist in turning genes on and off as conditions change. sigma因子是联系RNA聚合酶和不同启动子之间的桥梁。 ‘holoenzyme’ ??????? ???? KD ~ 10-9 M + ???? ‘core’ } Can begin transcription on promoters and can elongate } Can elongate but cannot begin transcription at promoters ? factor is required for bacterial RNA polymerase to initiate trans