[词汇学]Back-formation.ppt

PPT模板下载：/moban/ 行业PPT模板：/hangye/ 节日PPT模板：/jieri/ PPT素材下载：/sucai/ PPT背景图片：/beijing/ PPT图表下载：/tubiao/ 优秀PPT下载：/xiazai/ PPT教程： /powerpoint/ Word教程： /word/ Excel教程：/excel/ 资料下载：/ziliao/ PPT课件下载：/kejian/ 范文下载：/fanwen/ 试卷下载：/shiti/ 教案下载：/jiaoan/ Back-formation Definition Back-formation is an abnormal type of word-formation where a shorter word is derived by deleting an imagined affix from an already existing longer word in the vocabulary. Back-formation Clipping Both are the process of shortening in form, because they create shortened words from longer words. Clipping does not change the word-class and meaning of the original word, while back-formation does. Classification A. Verbs back-formed from nouns ending in –er , -ar , -or, -sion , -tion, etc. automate ← automation edit ← editor televise ← television appreciate ← appreciation negate(否定; 否认)← negation butch（屠宰）← butcher destruct ← destruction audit（审计）← auditor（审计员） spring-clean(大扫除)←spring-cleaning proofread（校对）←proofreader（校对者） B. Verbs back-formed from nouns in other forms diagnose ← diagnosis enthuse ← enthusiasm C. Verbs back-formed from adjective. laze← lazy drowse （打瞌睡）←drowsy（昏昏欲睡的） D. There are a few nouns back-formed form adjectives. gloom ← gloomy greed ←greedy E. Many new back-formation verbs come from compounds: house-keep ←housekeeper sight-see ←sight-seeing daydream ← daydreamer Some back-formations in English come from words ending in –s that were singular but were mistaken for plurals. sherry ← sherris pea ← pease And this device is also used to produced nonce words. pensable ← indispensable gainly（姿态优美的）← ungainly Attention Conclusion Back-formed words created by back-formation can be used to enhance different styles of writing: some in political or scientific styles of writing, some in colloquial or jo