初中被动语态题.doc

被动语态题 一、被动语态概述?　语态是动词的一种形式，用以说明主语与谓语动词之间的关系。英语的语态共有两种：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。汉语往往用被、受、给等词来表示被动意义。?　如：　 He opened the door.他打开了这扇门。（主动语态）　 The door was opened.这扇门被打开了。（被动语态）?二、被动语态的构成?　被动语态由助动词be+及物动词的过去分词构成。被动语态的时态变化只改变be的形式，过去分词部分不变。疑问式和否定式的变化也如此。?Tables can be made of stone.桌子可由石头制造。主动语态变为被动语态 ?　1、主动语态变为被动语态的步骤：?　（1）将主动句的宾语变为主语：?　注意：如果主动句的宾语是代词，需将其由宾格变为主格。如：　Tom killed him. → He was killed by Tom.?　 （2）将动词改为be+过去分词。注意：? They held a meeting yesterday. → A meeting was held by them yesterday. 他们昨天开会了。?　 （3）将主动语态的主语改为be…放在谓语动词后。　注意：如果原主语是代词，则应由主格变为宾格。　He sang a song. → A song was sung by him.? 　2、主动语态变为被动语态的注意事项： 　（1）主动句中的主语如果是people, we, you, they, somebody等含糊地表示人们、大家的单词，变为主动句时，通常删去by…，但原主语被强调者除外。如：　They set up this hospital in 1975. → This hospital was set up in 1975. 这所医院建于1975年。　Only he can finish the job. → 只有他能完成这项工作。　The job can be finished only by him.这项工作只能由他来完成。?（2）含有双宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语的句子，每个宾语都可变为被动语态的主语，即其被动语态有两种形式。但多以间接宾语作主语。　Jack told us the truth.杰克告诉了我们真相。　 We were told the truth by Jack.　The truth was told (to) us by Jack.四、动词的主动形式表示被动之意　以主动形式表示被动之意的动词多为连系动词，如：look, feel, smell等。下列动词没有被动式：happen，cost，take，have　An accident was happened yesterday.（）昨天发生了一起事故。　An accident happened yesterday.（? ）　The flower smells sweet.这花闻起来很香。　The watch looks good.这表看起来很好。　This book sells well.这本书畅销。用所给动词的适当形式填空1.?Our TV set _______________ (repair) yesterday.2.?A new building __________________ (build) in our school next year.3.?Many books on science _________________ (buy) since I went to college. 4.?Now he _________ (be) asked if the meeting ____________ (hold) next Friday.5.?Your school bag _______________ (must not put) there.6.?__________ this kind of bike____________ (make) in the USA? 二．　　将下列句子变为被动语态：　　1. We often sing this song.　　_______________________________　　2. He broke his leg in the match.　　_______________________________　　3. She will sell her house soon.　　____