前置、后置和倒装.ppt

“ ” “ ” 后置、前置与倒装 Postponement, Fronting Inversion 后置 后置的目的是为了表示强调而把一个非句尾成分移至句尾。人们在组词成句时往往要将说话人认为最重要的内容至于句尾，使之处于突出地位。 句尾焦点和句尾重心 Mr. Smith is a friend of my father’s. 旧信息 新信息 信息焦点 He gave me a book. (What did he give you?) He gave a book to me. (Who did he give a book to?) 前置 不引起倒装的前置通常是宾语、主语补语和宾语补语。 A horrible mess you’ve made it. Books, he had treasured from the earliest period of his life. Very strange it seemed. Keener and keener the competition became. A scandal I call it. I knew you were careless, but dishonest I never thought you. 当主语补语前置时，如果主语较长或主语结构比较复杂，这种主语补语的前置就会引起倒装。 More serious was the question of how the President would present the joint announcement. Happy indeed are those who receive marvelous news after a long silence. 最通常引起倒装的是某些状语的前置。分两种情况：全部倒装（Full Inversion）－谓语置于主语之前，局部倒装（Partial Inversion）－操作词置于主语之前。引起倒装的前置状语有以下六种情况。 1. 当句首状语为方位词或拟声词，谓语动词是go，come等表示位置转移的动作动词时，全部倒装。 There was a sudden gust of wind and away went his hat. The door burst open and in rushed the crowd. Bang! Bang! Bang! Came three reports of firecrackers and Philip suddenly felt his body become light. 如果主语时代词，那就不用倒装。 Lower and lower he bent. 2. 当句首状语为表示地点的介词词组时，也会引起全部倒装。 In this chapter will be found a partial answer. From the valley came a tinkling sound, a soothing moo, the lull of alien voices. 3. 当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，一般引起局部倒装。 Never have I found him in such a good mood. Not for one minute do I think I have any hope of getting promoted. No longer these days is it necessary for women to wear veils. When I was at school, on no account were we allowed to answer the masters back. 4. 句首状语若由“only＋副词”，“only＋介词词组”，“only＋状语分词”，也可引起局部倒装。 Only yesterday did he find out that his watch was missing. Only through sheer luck did he manage to get some tickets. 以关联连词not only …开头的句子或分句，往往引起局部倒装。 Not only did he complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it. Not only did the garage overcharge me, but they hadn’t done a very good repair job either. 5.