卫星通信第12章改概要1.ppt

* * Chapter 12 The Space Link 12.9 Effects of Rain From the curve of Fig. 12.8, the probability of exceeding the 6dB value is 2.5×10-4, and therefore, the availability is 1 - 2.5×10-4 = 0.99975, or 99.975 percent. * * Chapter 12 The Space Link 12.9 Effects of Rain For the downlink, the user does not have control of the satellite[EIRP], and thus the downlink equivalent of uplink power control, described in Sec. 12.9.1, cannot be used. In order to provide the rainfade margin needed, the gain of the receiving antenna may be increased by using a larger dish and/or a receiver front end having a lower noise temperature. Both measures increase the receiver [G/T] ratio and thus increase [C/No] as shown by Eq. (12.53). * * Chapter 12 The Space Link 12.10 Combined Uplink and Downlink C/N Ratio Figure 12.9 (a) Combined uplink and downlink;(b)power flow diagram for (a) system power gain * * Chapter 12 The Space Link 12.10 Combined Uplink and Downlink C/N Ratio Denoting the combined noise-to-carrier ratio value by N0/C, the uplink value by (N0/C)U, and the downlink value by (N0/C)D then, (12.61) Equation (12.61) shows that to obtain the combined value of C/N0, the reciprocals（倒数）of the individual values must be added to obtain the N0/C ratio and then the reciprocal of this taken to get C/N0. Looked at in another way, the reason for this reciprocal of the sum of the reciprocals method is that a single signal power is being transferred through the system, while the various noise powers which are present are additive. Similar reasoning applies to the carrier-to-noise ratio, C/N. * * Chapter 12 The Space Link 12.11 Intermodulation Noise Intermodulation occurs where multiple carriers pass through any device with nonlinear characteristics. In satellite communications systems, this most commonly occurs in the traveling-wave tube high-power amplifier aboa