句子结构常见错误概要1.doc

句子结构常见错误 Sentence Structure Problems 英语句子是受严格的语法规则制约的，在写作中如果违背这些规则， 那么写出的句子就会使人无法理解，或引起歧义。要想避免发生这 些情况，在写作时就必须处理好句子结构方面的几个问题。我们对 常犯的写作错误进行了归纳。残缺句、接排句、误置修饰语和悬垂 修饰语是句子结构中最常见的错误。我将对这些问题逐一进行分析， 以帮助大家弄清写作中出现这些问题的原因，并掌握纠正错误的方法 残缺句(Sentence Fragments) 所谓残缺句，顾名思义，就是指不能独立成句的一个不完整的 句子片断。尽管残缺句在形式上像句子一样是以大写字母开头， 并在结尾处带有标点，然而在逻辑上并不能单独表达一个完整 的意思,仅是一组词而已。请看下列句子： Fragment Wondering what his son was going to do． Revised Sentence Mr．Smith had been wondering what his son was going to do． Fragment Some errors in writing are serious．For example， fragments and run—on sentences． Revised Sentences Some errors in writing are serious，for example， fragments and run—on sentences． OR Some errors in writing are serious，among which are fragments and run-on sentences 虽然句子的残缺以各种形式出现，但最常见的形式是被分隔开的从句 和以各种形式拆开的短语，如句号错误(period fault)。 Fragments Having driven across the desert．We enjoyed the cool weather． He enjoys flowers and shrubs．Which help screen his yard from the street． Revised Sentences Having driven across the desert， we enjoyed the cool weather． He enjoys flowers and shrubs，which help screen his yard from the street． 0R He enjoys flowers and shrubs．They help screen his yard from the street． 在写作中要经常检查句子的残缺问题，特别要注意那些以从属 连词或短语等开头的句子，这些词都是“危险词”。要确定以这 些词开始的每个从句，都应附属于一个独立的句子。 避免残缺句的最好办法是注意区别句子和句子的一部分。我们 知道句子的最基本特点是在语法和逻辑上是一个完整的意义表 达单位。它至少具有一个主语和谓语。动词的非限定形式不能 在句中作为谓语单独使用，除非是在如Where to go tonight?简 短的问句中。因此在写句子时要特别注意。 改写残缺句主要有以下两种方法： 1将句中用的句号变成逗号，或把分隔开的短语或从句同它所属 的句子合并成一个能表达完整意思的句子。例如： Fragments Since there is a lack of interest．There is a great lack of information． You should make a determined effort to avoid sentence fragments． Because they are considered serious mistakes in writing． I look forward to holidays．For example, Thanksgiving and Christmas． Revised Sentences Since there is a lack of interest，there is a great lack of information. You should make a determined e