管理学学习资料：management chap09.pptVIP

* * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * 扁平化趋势：缩短指挥链、增加管理跨度 Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* 军 师 师 师 团 团 团 团 团 团 团 团 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 团 传统的三三编制下的金字塔式军队组织架构 你能发现有哪些变化？ 军 旅 旅 旅 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 团 团 营 营 营 营 营 营 师 团 团 团 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 营 旅 信息化条件下扁平式军队组织架构 Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Organizational Structure (cont’d) Centralization集权 The degree to which decision making is concentrated at upper levels in the organization. Organizations in which top managers make all the decisions and lower-level employees simply carry out those orders. Decentralization分权 Organizations in which decision making is pushed down to the managers who are closest to the action. Employee Empowerment员工授权 Increasing the decision-making authority (power) of employees. Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Exhibit 9–4 Factors that Influence the Amount of  Centralization and Decentralization More Centralization Environment is stable. Lower-level managers are not as capable or experienced at making decisions as upper-level managers. Lower-level managers do not want to have a say in decisions. Decisions are relatively minor. Organization is facing a crisis or the risk of company failure. Company is large. Effective implementation of company strategies depends on managers retaining say over what happens. Copyright ? 2010 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Prentice Hall 9–* Exhibit 9–4 (cont’d) Factors that Influence the Amount  of Centralization and Decentralization More Decentralization Environment is complex, uncertain. Lower-level managers are capable and experienced at making decisions. Lower-level managers want a voice in decisions. Decisions are significant. Corporate culture is open to allowing managers to have a say in what happens. Company is geographically dispersed. Effective implementation of company s