四川大学操作系统课件Chapter05概要1.pptVIP

* 5.3.4 Implement of Semaphores * Agenda 5.1 Principles of Concurrency 5.2 Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support 5.3 Semaphores 5.4 Monitors 5.5 Message Passing 5.6 Readers/Writers Problem 5.7 Summary * Monitors(管程) Monitor is a software module consisting of one ore more procedures, an initialization sequence, and local data(管程由一个或者多个例程、一段初始化代码和局部数据组成). And the chief characteristics are the following: Local data variables are accessible only by the monitor Process enters monitor by invoking one of its procedures Only one process may be executing in the monitor at a time * Monitors Operations(管程操作) A monitor supports synchronization by the use of condition variables (管程通过条件变量实现同步) cwait(c): Suspend execution of the calling process on condition c. The monitor is now available for use by another process. csignal(c): Resume execution of some process blocked after a cwait on the same condition. If there are several such processes, choose one of them; if there is no such process, do nothing. Note that monitor wait and signal operations are different from those for the semaphore. If a process in a monitor signals and no task is waiting on the condition variable, the signal is lost. * * * * Agenda 5.1 Principles of Concurrency 5.2 Mutual Exclusion: Hardware Support 5.3 Semaphores 5.4 Monitors 5.5 Message Passing 5.6 Readers/Writers Problem 5.7 Summary * Message Passing Enforce mutual exclusion Exchange information send (destination, message) receive (source, message) * Synchronization Sender and receiver may or may not be blocking Blocking send, blocking receive Both sender and receiver are blocked until message is delivered * Synchronization Nonblocking send, blocking receive Sender continues on Receiver is blocked until the requested message arrives Nonblocking send, nonblocking receive Neither party is required to wait * Addressing Direct addressing Send primitive includes a specific identifier of the destination process Receive primitive could know ahead of time whic