太阳能开发.ppt

SOLAR ENERGY DIRECT SOLAR HEATING FOCUSSED AND UNFOCUSSED PHOTOVOLTAICS VISIBLE AND INFRA RED THE SUN 80% H2, 20% He, at 1,000,000K 4H – He + 2 neutrinos + gamma radiation Gamma rays, x-rays, visible radn etc Loses mass at 4 million tonnes per second Takes 8 mins to reach Earth (150 million km) Power level about 1.3kW per m2 above Earth SOLAR ENERGY PHOTOVOLTAICS NUCLEAR FUSION STRIP ELECTRONS FROM LIGHT ATOMS COMPRESS NUCLEI TOGETHER USING MAGNETIC FIELD EXTRACT POWER USING WATER STEAM TURBINE GENERATES ELECRICITY NUCLEAR FISSION SEE WWW.DTI.GOV.UK/ENERGY/NUCLEAR/TECHNOLOGY/REACTORS.SHTML WATER COOLED OR GAS COOLED NEED TO SLOW DOWN NEUTRONS USING MODERATOR THERMAL NEUTRONS FISSION PRODUCTS ARE RADIOACTIVE CONSERVATION BEST THING WE CAN DO HUGE SCOPE NOT GLAMOROUS NIFES ENERGY EFFICIENCY OFFICE ECA, CARBON TRUST,DTI, ETC POSSIBLE PROJECTS LIQUID ICE EXTRUDED ICE ICE FOR AIR COOLING ENERGY AND THE ENVIRONMENT * Energy sources of various kinds heat and power human development * Unwanted ‘side’ effects ? acid rain / global warming * Need for sustainable development ? sustainable energy strategy (renewables, nuclear power, and energy efficiency) * Conflict with energy market liberalisation THE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPERATIVE GREENHOUSE GAS EMISSIONS ?GLOBAL WARMING?CLIMATE CHANGE POLLUTANT EMISSIONS FROM THE ENERGY SECTOR – Global warming: greenhouse gases - carbon dioxide (CO2): around 95% from the energy sector (in UK) - nitrous oxides (NOx) - water vapour (H2O) Global/regional cooling - dust particulates; condensation nuclei - sulphate aerosols Regional acid rain precursors: - nitrous oxides (NOx) - sulphur dioxide (SO2) SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT Balancing economic and social development with environmental protection Meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs [Brundtland Report (1987)] Sustainable Developmen