微生物学 美国Indiana University Purdue University授课08.pptVIP

Microbial Interference with Host Defenses BIOL 533 Lecture 8 Overall Strategies Defense against complement Subversion of phagocytosis Subversion of immune responses General Aspects Pathogen finds itself in hostile territory Host fights back and usually—but not always—wins Host’s defenses are interrelated and so are organism’s countermeasures General Aspects Given organism sometimes has numerous different virulence factors Does not have to harm tissue to be called virulence factor, although many do Have to determine precise role of each factor if a large number are involved Not always sure in vitro situation is same as in disease state Defense Against Complement Overall strategies Inhibit complement activation Mask activating substances Capsule IgA antibodies Cover up target of complement membrane attack complex Defense Against Complement Overall strategies, continued Appropriate inhibitor to activation to surface Inactivate complement chemotaxin C5a Prevent Complement Activation Masking surface components that activate by the alternative pathway Capsules Murein of S. aureus good activator, but is covered by capsule Capsules rich in sialic acid of Group B streptococci and strains of E. coli Prevent Complement Activation IgA antibodies Meningococci get coated with IgA antibody Does not activate complement Prevents other Ab that can activate from reaching surface of cell Prevent Complement Activation Cost of having capsule— antigenic Elicits activation by primary pathway Defend better against immediate defenses than later ones Prevent Complement Activation Cover up target of membrane attack complex (outer membrane) Gram—, such as Salmonella or E. coli Smooth strains with long ‘0’ antigen polysaccharide chain do not allow access of mac while rough strains (with little or no ‘0’ antigen) do Correlates with pathogenicity Subversion of Phagocytosis Overall strategies Inhibition of phagocyte recruitment Microbial killing of phagocytes Escape of ingestion Subver